Internationalization: 7 languages with live switching

Custom signal-based runtime (no i18n dependency): shared src/shared/i18n
dictionaries, ui I18nService.t() reactive by construction so language
switches live, and a backend i18n.ts for native menus + thrown errors.
Every user-facing string keyed across templates, toasts, dialogs, file
kinds, columns, macOS menu/context menus, and errors. Language picker in
Options (auto-detects OS locale, falls back to English); switching
relabels the webview and native chrome instantly. English/Spanish/French/
German fully drafted; Chinese/Japanese/Basque drafted, flagged for native
review. Docs updated.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/bun/context-menu.ts

@@ -1,25 +1,21 @@
 import { ContextMenu, Utils, type ApplicationMenuItemConfig } from "electrobun/bun";
 import type { ColumnKey } from "../shared/types";
+import { t } from "./i18n";
 
 /** Optional list columns, in display order (Name is fixed). */
-const COLUMNS: { key: ColumnKey; label: string }[] = [
-	{ key: "size", label: "Size" },
-	{ key: "mtime", label: "Modified" },
-	{ key: "kind", label: "Kind" },
-	{ key: "rights", label: "Rights" },
-	{ key: "owner", label: "Owner" },
-	{ key: "group", label: "Group" },
-];
+const COLUMN_KEYS: ColumnKey[] = ["size", "mtime", "kind", "rights", "owner", "group"];
 
-// PORTABILITY: shell-integration wording per OS
+// PORTABILITY: shell-integration wording per OS (resolved at show() for locale)
 const IS_WIN = process.platform === "win32";
-const REVEAL_LABEL =
-	process.platform === "darwin"
-		? "Reveal in Finder"
-		: IS_WIN
-			? "Show in Explorer"
-			: "Show in File Manager";
-const TRASH_LABEL = IS_WIN ? "Move to Recycle Bin" : "Move to Trash";
+const revealLabel = (): string =>
+	t(
+		process.platform === "darwin"
+			? "ctx.revealFinder"
+			: IS_WIN
+				? "ctx.revealExplorer"
+				: "ctx.revealFileManager",
+	);
+const trashLabel = (): string => t(IS_WIN ? "ctx.moveToRecycleBin" : "ctx.moveToTrash");
 
 export interface RowMenuContext {
 	path: string;
@@ -75,8 +71,8 @@ export class PanelContextMenu {
 	/** Column picker for the list headers: checkable toggles per column. */
 	showColumns(visible: ColumnKey[]): void {
 		ContextMenu.showContextMenu(
-			COLUMNS.map(({ key, label }) => ({
-				label,
+			COLUMN_KEYS.map((key) => ({
+				label: t(`columns.${key}`),
 				action: `col:${key}`,
 				checked: visible.includes(key),
 			})),
@@ -88,47 +84,45 @@ export class PanelContextMenu {
 
 		if (!ctx.hasEntry || ctx.name === "..") {
 			// empty space (or the parent row): folder-level actions
-			items.push({ label: "New Folder", action: "ctx-new-folder" });
-			items.push({ label: "New File", action: "ctx-new-file" });
+			items.push({ label: t("ctx.newFolder"), action: "ctx-new-folder" });
+			items.push({ label: t("ctx.newFile"), action: "ctx-new-file" });
 			items.push({ type: "separator" });
-			items.push({ label: "Refresh", action: "ctx-refresh" });
+			items.push({ label: t("ctx.refresh"), action: "ctx-refresh" });
 			if (ctx.isLocal) {
 				items.push({ type: "separator" });
-				items.push({ label: REVEAL_LABEL, action: "ctx-reveal" });
+				items.push({ label: revealLabel(), action: "ctx-reveal" });
 			}
 			return items;
 		}
 
 		if (ctx.type === "dir") {
-			items.push({ label: "Open", action: "ctx-open" });
+			items.push({ label: t("ctx.open"), action: "ctx-open" });
 		} else {
 			if (ctx.isLocal) {
-				items.push({ label: "Open", action: "ctx-open-default", tooltip: "Open with the default application" });
+				items.push({ label: t("ctx.open"), action: "ctx-open-default", tooltip: t("ctx.openDefault") });
 			}
-			items.push({ label: "Edit", action: "ctx-edit", accelerator: "e" });
+			items.push({ label: t("ctx.edit"), action: "ctx-edit", accelerator: "e" });
 		}
-		items.push({ label: "Copy to Other Panel", action: "ctx-copy" });
-		items.push({ label: "Rename", action: "ctx-rename" });
+		items.push({ label: t("ctx.copyToOther"), action: "ctx-copy" });
+		items.push({ label: t("ctx.rename"), action: "ctx-rename" });
 		// chmod on Windows local files only flips the read-only bit — hide the lie
 		if (!(ctx.isLocal && IS_WIN)) {
-			items.push({ label: "Permissions", action: "ctx-chmod" });
+			items.push({ label: t("ctx.permissions"), action: "ctx-chmod" });
 		}
 		items.push({ type: "separator" });
-		items.push({ label: "Copy Path", action: "ctx-copy-path" });
+		items.push({ label: t("ctx.copyPath"), action: "ctx-copy-path" });
 		if (ctx.isLocal) {
-			items.push({ label: REVEAL_LABEL, action: "ctx-reveal" });
+			items.push({ label: revealLabel(), action: "ctx-reveal" });
 		}
 		items.push({ type: "separator" });
 		if (ctx.isLocal) {
 			items.push({
-				label: TRASH_LABEL,
+				label: trashLabel(),
 				action: "ctx-trash",
-				...(process.platform === "darwin"
-					? { tooltip: "Finder's Restore is not available for items trashed from here" }
-					: {}),
+				...(process.platform === "darwin" ? { tooltip: t("ctx.trashTooltip") } : {}),
 			});
 		}
-		items.push({ label: "Delete", action: "ctx-delete" });
+		items.push({ label: t("ctx.delete"), action: "ctx-delete" });
 		return items;
 	}
 }

src/bun/fs/registry.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 import { LocalProvider } from "./local";
 import type { FileSystemProvider } from "./provider";
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ export class SessionRegistry {
 
 	get(sessionId: string): FileSystemProvider {
 		const provider = this.sessions.get(sessionId);
-		if (!provider) throw new Error(`Session "${sessionId}" is not connected`);
+		if (!provider) throw new Error(t("errors.sessionNotConnected", { id: sessionId }));
 		return provider;
 	}
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ export class SessionRegistry {
 
 	async remove(sessionId: string): Promise<void> {
 		if (sessionId === LOCAL_SESSION_ID)
-			throw new Error("The local session cannot be disconnected");
+			throw new Error(t("errors.localCannotDisconnect"));
 		const provider = this.sessions.get(sessionId);
 		if (!provider) return;
 		this.sessions.delete(sessionId);

src/bun/fs/sftp.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { Client, type ConnectConfig, type SFTPWrapper } from "ssh2";
 import type { ConnectionConfig, EntryType, FileEntry } from "../../shared/types";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 import { expandTilde } from "../store/ssh-config";
 import type { FileSystemProvider } from "./provider";
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ export class SftpProvider implements FileSystemProvider {
 				connectConfig.password = config.auth.password;
 				break;
 			case "agent":
-				if (!agentSock) throw new Error("ssh-agent not available (SSH_AUTH_SOCK is not set)");
+				if (!agentSock) throw new Error(t("errors.sshAgentUnavailable"));
 				connectConfig.agent = agentSock;
 				break;
 			case "key": {
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ export class SftpProvider implements FileSystemProvider {
 					connectConfig.privateKey = readFileSync(expandTilde(config.auth.privateKeyPath));
 				} catch {
 					if (!agentSock)
-						throw new Error(`identity file not found: ${config.auth.privateKeyPath}`);
+						throw new Error(t("errors.identityFileNotFound", { path: config.auth.privateKeyPath }));
 				}
 				if (config.auth.passphrase) connectConfig.passphrase = config.auth.passphrase;
 				else if (agentSock) connectConfig.agent = agentSock;

src/bun/i18n.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { DICTS, type Messages, resolveLocale } from "../shared/i18n";
+import type { AppSettings, SupportedLocale } from "../shared/types";
+
+// Backend-side translator for the native menus and thrown error messages
+// (the Angular I18nService can't reach OS chrome). The locale is cached and
+// refreshed from settings (see index.ts wiring); no signals here.
+let locale: SupportedLocale = "en";
+
+/** OS locale for the "system" setting, e.g. "es-ES" -> resolves to "es". */
+function osLocale(): string {
+	try {
+		return new Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().locale;
+	} catch {
+		return "en";
+	}
+}
+
+export function setLocale(setting: AppSettings["locale"]): void {
+	locale = resolveLocale(setting, osLocale());
+}
+
+function lookup(dict: Messages, key: string): string | undefined {
+	let node: string | Messages | undefined = dict;
+	for (const part of key.split(".")) {
+		if (typeof node !== "object") return undefined;
+		node = node[part];
+	}
+	return typeof node === "string" ? node : undefined;
+}
+
+/** Translate a key with {name} interpolation; falls back to English then the key. */
+export function t(key: string, params?: Record<string, string | number>): string {
+	const value = lookup(DICTS[locale], key) ?? lookup(DICTS.en, key) ?? key;
+	if (!params) return value;
+	return value.replace(/\{(\w+)\}/g, (_, name: string) =>
+		name in params ? String(params[name]) : `{${name}}`,
+	);
+}

src/bun/index.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { EditorWindows } from "./editor-windows";
 import { SessionRegistry } from "./fs/registry";
 import { LocalDirWatcher } from "./fs/watcher";
 import { ManagerWindow } from "./manager-window";
+import { setLocale as setBackendLocale } from "./i18n";
 import { applyApplicationMenu } from "./menu";
 import { createAppRPC } from "./rpc-handlers";
 import { ConnectionStore } from "./store/connections";
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ const url = await getMainViewUrl();
 // window's preload so the first paint is already themed (no flash). Kept
 // fresh via the saveSettings flow below.
 let currentSettings = await settings.load();
+setBackendLocale(currentSettings.locale); // native menus/errors follow the UI language
 
 const isMac = process.platform === "darwin";
 
@@ -115,7 +117,12 @@ const manager = new ManagerWindow({
 
 events.openEditor = (ctx) => editors.open(ctx);
 events.settingsChanged = (s) => {
+	const localeChanged = s.locale !== currentSettings.locale;
 	currentSettings = s; // future windows' preloads bake the fresh theme
+	if (localeChanged) {
+		setBackendLocale(s.locale);
+		void applyApplicationMenu(store); // relabel the native menu in the new language
+	}
 	editors.broadcastSettings(s);
 	manager.broadcastSettings(s);
 };

src/bun/menu.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { ApplicationMenu, type ApplicationMenuItemConfig } from "electrobun/bun";
 import { BRANDING } from "../shared/branding";
 import type { SavedConnection } from "../shared/types";
+import { t } from "./i18n";
 import type { ConnectionStore } from "./store/connections";
 
 /**
@@ -27,37 +28,37 @@ export async function applyApplicationMenu(store: ConnectionStore): Promise<void
 		...looseItems,
 		...stackMenus,
 		...(looseItems.length || stackMenus.length ? [{ type: "separator" } as const] : []),
-		{ label: "Connection Manager…", action: "manage-connections" },
+		{ label: t("menu.connectionManager"), action: "manage-connections" },
 	];
 
 	ApplicationMenu.setApplicationMenu([
 		{
 			submenu: [
-				{ label: `About ${BRANDING.appName}`, action: "about" },
+				{ label: t("menu.about", { app: BRANDING.appName }), action: "about" },
 				{ type: "separator" },
 				{ role: "hide" },
 				{ role: "hideOthers" },
 				{ role: "showAll" },
 				{ type: "separator" },
-				{ label: "Quit", role: "quit" },
+				{ label: t("menu.quit"), role: "quit" },
 			],
 		},
 		{
-			label: "File",
+			label: t("menu.file"),
 			submenu: [
-				{ label: "New Tab", action: "new-tab", accelerator: "t" },
-				{ label: "Close Tab", action: "close-tab", accelerator: "w" },
+				{ label: t("menu.newTab"), action: "new-tab", accelerator: "t" },
+				{ label: t("menu.closeTab"), action: "close-tab", accelerator: "w" },
 				{ type: "separator" },
-				{ label: "New Folder", action: "new-folder" },
-				{ label: "New File", action: "new-file" },
+				{ label: t("menu.newFolder"), action: "new-folder" },
+				{ label: t("menu.newFile"), action: "new-file" },
 				{ type: "separator" },
-				{ label: "Edit File", action: "edit-file", accelerator: "e" },
+				{ label: t("menu.editFile"), action: "edit-file", accelerator: "e" },
 				{ type: "separator" },
-				{ label: "Connect", submenu: connectSubmenu },
+				{ label: t("menu.connect"), submenu: connectSubmenu },
 			],
 		},
 		{
-			label: "Edit",
+			label: t("menu.edit"),
 			submenu: [
 				{ role: "undo" },
 				{ role: "redo" },
@@ -71,15 +72,15 @@ export async function applyApplicationMenu(store: ConnectionStore): Promise<void
 			],
 		},
 		{
-			label: "View",
+			label: t("menu.view"),
 			submenu: [
-				{ label: "Refresh", action: "refresh-active", accelerator: "r" },
+				{ label: t("menu.refresh"), action: "refresh-active", accelerator: "r" },
 				{ type: "separator" },
 				{ role: "toggleFullScreen" },
 			],
 		},
 		{
-			label: "Window",
+			label: t("menu.window"),
 			submenu: [
 				{ role: "minimize" },
 				{ role: "zoom" },

src/bun/transfers/engine.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { BRANDING } from "../../shared/branding";
 import type { EntryType, TransferSnapshot, TransferState } from "../../shared/types";
 import type { FileSystemProvider } from "../fs/provider";
 import type { SessionRegistry } from "../fs/registry";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 import { walkTree } from "./walk";
 
 const PROGRESS_INTERVAL_MS = 100;
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ async function ensureDir(fs: FileSystemProvider, path: string): Promise<void> {
 	try {
 		const st = await fs.stat(path);
 		if (st.type === "dir") return;
-		throw new Error(`"${path}" exists and is not a directory`);
+		throw new Error(t("errors.notADirectory", { path }));
 	} catch {
 		await fs.mkdir(path);
 	}
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@ export class TransferEngine {
 			if (sameFs) {
 				for (const file of files) {
 					if (file.srcPath === file.dstPath) {
-						throw new Error(`"${file.name}": source and destination are the same file`);
+						throw new Error(t("errors.sameFileTransfer", { name: file.name }));
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -343,10 +344,10 @@ export class TransferEngine {
 
 		if (samePath) {
 			throw new Error(
-				isDir ? "Cannot copy a folder onto itself" : "Source and destination are the same file",
+				isDir ? t("errors.folderOntoItself") : t("errors.sameFileNoName"),
 			);
 		}
-		throw new Error("Cannot copy a folder into itself");
+		throw new Error(t("errors.folderIntoItself"));
 	}
 
 	/**

src/shared/i18n/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Translations
+
+`en.ts` is the **source of truth**. Every other locale mirrors its key shape;
+any missing key falls back to English at lookup time (see `index.ts` +
+`I18nService`/backend `i18n.ts`), so partial translations are safe.
+
+## Adding / editing strings
+
+1. Add the key to `en.ts` (nested namespace, `{param}` interpolation). For
+   plurals, use a `{ one, other }` map instead of a string — the runtime picks
+   the CLDR category via `Intl.PluralRules` (languages without plural, e.g. zh
+   and ja, only need `other`).
+2. Reference it as `i18n.t('ns.key', { param })` in the UI (or backend `t(...)`
+   for native menus / thrown errors).
+3. Add the translation to the other locale files as convenient — until then
+   English shows through.
+
+The format is kept **Transloco-compatible** (nested namespaces, `{param}`) so
+swapping in a real i18n library later is a drop-in of these dictionaries.
+
+## Review status
+
+| Locale | File | Status |
+|---|---|---|
+| English | `en.ts` | Source |
+| Spanish | `es.ts` | Full draft |
+| French | `fr.ts` | Full draft |
+| German | `de.ts` | Full draft |
+| Chinese (Simplified) | `zh.ts` | **AI draft — needs native review** |
+| Japanese | `ja.ts` | **AI draft — needs native review** |
+| Basque | `eu.ts` | **AI draft — needs native review (highest priority; machine/AI Basque is unreliable)** |
+
+Native-speaker review is especially important for Basque and the CJK locales:
+grammatical agreement, counters/measure words, and UI-context word choice are
+easy to get subtly wrong.

src/shared/i18n/de.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+// German translations. Missing keys fall back to English (see en.ts / index.ts).
+export const de = {
+	common: {
+		cancel: "Abbrechen",
+		save: "Speichern",
+		close: "Schließen",
+		delete: "Löschen",
+		rename: "Umbenennen",
+		create: "Erstellen",
+		apply: "Anwenden",
+		choose: "Wählen…",
+		connect: "Verbinden",
+		local: "Lokal",
+	},
+	app: {
+		notConnectedTitle: "Nicht mit der App verbunden",
+		notConnectedBody: "Diese Seite läuft in einem normalen Browser. Starte die Desktop-App, um sie zu verwenden.",
+		managerOpen: "Der Verbindungsmanager ist geöffnet.",
+		showConnections: "Verbindungen anzeigen",
+	},
+	tabBar: {
+		connections: "Verbindungen",
+		manageConnections: "Verbindungen verwalten",
+		newTab: "Neuer Tab ({mod}T)",
+		closeTab: "Tab schließen ({mod}W)",
+		options: "Optionen",
+	},
+	options: {
+		title: "Optionen",
+		language: "Sprache",
+		system: "System",
+		theme: { label: "Design", system: "System", light: "Hell", dark: "Dunkel" },
+		tone: { label: "Ton", dark: "Dunkel", darker: "Dunkler" },
+		accent: { label: "Akzent" },
+		accentNames: {
+			graphite: "Graphit",
+			blue: "Blau",
+			indigo: "Indigo",
+			purple: "Lila",
+			rose: "Rosa",
+			orange: "Orange",
+			green: "Grün",
+			teal: "Petrol",
+		},
+		fileIcons: { label: "Datei-Symbole", plain: "Einfach", multi: "Farbig" },
+		interface: { label: "Oberfläche", compact: "Kompakt", default: "Normal", large: "Groß" },
+		speedUnit: { label: "Geschwindigkeitseinheit" },
+		transfers: { label: "Übertragungen", single: "Einzeln", multi: "Mehrere" },
+		atOnce: "Gleichzeitig",
+		editor: { label: "Editor", builtin: "Integriert", custom: "Benutzerdefiniert" },
+		systemDefault: "Systemstandard",
+		resetDefault: "Auf Standard zurücksetzen",
+		finishedTransfers: { label: "Abgeschlossene Übertragungen", autoClear: "Auto-löschen", keep: "Behalten" },
+	},
+	kinds: {
+		folder: "Ordner",
+		symlink: "Symbolischer Link",
+		file: "Datei",
+		image: "Bild",
+		audio: "Audio",
+		video: "Video",
+		archive: "Archiv",
+		code: "Code",
+		document: "Dokument",
+	},
+	columns: {
+		name: "Name",
+		size: "Größe",
+		mtime: "Geändert",
+		kind: "Typ",
+		rights: "Rechte",
+		owner: "Eigentümer",
+		group: "Gruppe",
+	},
+	panel: {
+		choosePanel: "Wählen, was dieses Panel anzeigt",
+		copy: "Kopieren",
+		copyToRight: "In rechtes Panel kopieren (F5)",
+		copyToLeft: "In linkes Panel kopieren (F5)",
+		edit: "Bearbeiten",
+		editFile: "Datei bearbeiten (F4)",
+		rename: "Umbenennen (F2)",
+		newFolder: "Neuer Ordner (F7)",
+		newFile: "Neue Datei",
+		permissions: "Berechtigungen",
+		delete: "Löschen",
+		deleteHint: "Löschen (F8 / Entf)",
+		parentDir: "Übergeordneter Ordner (Rücktaste)",
+		refresh: "Aktualisieren",
+		clearFilter: "Filter löschen (Esc)",
+		sshConfig: "~/.ssh/config",
+		connectingTo: "Verbinde mit {name}…",
+		emptyDir: "Leerer Ordner",
+		noMatches: "Keine Treffer",
+		matches: { one: "{count} Treffer · Esc", other: "{count} Treffer · Esc" },
+	},
+	connMgr: {
+		title: "Verbindungen",
+		importWinscp: "Aus WinSCP importieren…",
+		importWinscpHint: "Sitzungen aus einem WinSCP.ini-Export importieren",
+		newConnection: "Verbindung",
+		newConnectionHint: "Neue Verbindung",
+		newStack: "Gruppe",
+		newStackHint: "Neue Gruppe",
+		expand: "Aufklappen",
+		collapse: "Zuklappen",
+		renameStack: "Gruppe umbenennen",
+		deleteStack: "Gruppe löschen",
+		openStack: "Gruppe in Tabs öffnen",
+		empty: "leer",
+		connectionsHeader: "Verbindungen",
+		noneTitle: "Noch keine gespeicherten Verbindungen.",
+		noneBody: "Erstelle eine oder importiere deine WinSCP-Sitzungen.",
+		name: "Name",
+		namePlaceholder: "mein Server",
+		host: "Host",
+		port: "Port",
+		stack: "Gruppe",
+		stackNone: "(keine)",
+		username: "Benutzername",
+		remotePath: "Entfernter Pfad (optional)",
+		remotePathPlaceholder: "Home-Verzeichnis",
+		auth: "Authentifizierung",
+		authPassword: "Passwort",
+		authKey: "Privater Schlüssel",
+		password: "Passwort",
+		privateKeyFile: "Datei mit privatem Schlüssel",
+		passphrase: "Passphrase (optional)",
+		localDir: "Lokales Verzeichnis (optional)",
+		localDirPlaceholder: "~/projekte/mein-server",
+		localDirHint: "Das andere Panel öffnet sich hier, wenn es auf Lokal steht und nicht navigiert wurde.",
+		more: "Mehr…",
+		less: "Weniger…",
+		selectPrompt: "Wähle eine Verbindung oder erstelle eine neue.",
+		newStackTitle: "Neue Gruppe",
+		newStackPrompt: "Gruppenname",
+		renameStackTitle: "Gruppe umbenennen",
+		deleteStackTitle: "Gruppe löschen",
+		deleteStackBody: 'Gruppe „{name}" löschen? Ihre Verbindungen bleiben, ohne Gruppe.',
+		deleteConnectionTitle: "Verbindung löschen",
+		deleteConnectionBody: '„{name}" löschen?',
+	},
+	editor: {
+		noFileTitle: "Keine Datei zum Bearbeiten",
+		noFileBody: "Dieses Fenster wurde ohne Editor-Kontext geöffnet. Öffne Dateien aus der App.",
+		wrap: "Umbruch",
+		wrapHint: "Lange Zeilen umbrechen — blendet Zeilennummern aus ({alt}Z)",
+		findHint: "Suchen ({mod}F)",
+		findPlaceholder: "In Datei suchen",
+		prevMatch: "Vorheriger Treffer (⇧↵)",
+		nextMatch: "Nächster Treffer (↵)",
+		closeHint: "Schließen (Esc)",
+		disconnected: "Verbindung zu {name} getrennt — Speichern schlägt fehl, aber dein Text bleibt in diesem Fenster erhalten.",
+		cantOpen: "{name} kann nicht geöffnet werden",
+		closeWindow: "Fenster schließen",
+		shortcuts: "{mod}S speichern · {mod}F suchen · {mod}W schließen",
+		lines: { one: "{count} Zeile", other: "{count} Zeilen" },
+		close: "Schließen",
+		save: "Speichern",
+		saveChangesTitle: 'Änderungen an „{name}" speichern?',
+		saveChangesBody: "Deine Änderungen gehen verloren, wenn du sie nicht speicherst.",
+		dontSave: "Nicht speichern",
+		countLabel: "{current} von {total}",
+		noMatches: "Keine Treffer",
+	},
+	transfer: {
+		summary: "{active} aktiv · {finished} abgeschlossen",
+		clearFinished: "Abgeschlossene löschen",
+		cancel: "Abbrechen",
+		dismiss: "Verwerfen",
+		showDetails: "Übertragungsdetails anzeigen",
+		copying: "Kopiere {name} · {percent}%{speed}",
+		queued: "{count} in Warteschlange",
+		failed: { one: "{count} Übertragung fehlgeschlagen", other: "{count} Übertragungen fehlgeschlagen" },
+		finished: "Übertragungen abgeschlossen",
+		ready: "Bereit",
+		items: "{count} Elemente",
+		selected: "{count} ausgewählt",
+		queuedState: "In Warteschlange",
+		scanning: "Analysiere…",
+		failedState: "Fehlgeschlagen",
+		cancelled: "Abgebrochen",
+		completedFiles: { one: "{count} Datei · {size}", other: "{count} Dateien · {size}" },
+		left: "{eta} übrig",
+	},
+	dialogs: {
+		chmodTitle: "Berechtigungen",
+		chmodItems: "{count} Elemente",
+		read: "Lesen",
+		write: "Schreiben",
+		execute: "Ausführen",
+		roleOwner: "Eigentümer",
+		roleGroup: "Gruppe",
+		roleOthers: "Andere",
+		octal: "Oktal",
+		mergeFolder: "Ordner zusammenführen",
+		replace: "Ersetzen",
+		merge: "Zusammenführen",
+		mergeAll: "Alle zusammenführen",
+		replaceAll: "Alle ersetzen",
+		skip: "Überspringen",
+		skipAll: "Alle überspringen",
+		ofTotal: "{index} von {total}",
+		overwriteDirBody: "Am Ziel existiert bereits ein Ordner mit diesem Namen. Zusammenführen kann Dateien darin ersetzen.",
+		overwriteFileBody: "Am Ziel existiert bereits eine Datei mit diesem Namen.",
+		source: "Quelle",
+		destination: "Ziel",
+		newer: "neuer",
+	},
+	toasts: {
+		movedToTrash: '„{name}" in den Papierkorb verschoben',
+		editingExternal: "Bearbeite {name} — Speichern lädt automatisch hoch",
+		nothingToCopy: "Nichts zu kopieren (symbolische Links werden übersprungen)",
+		nothingToCopyAllSkipped: "Nichts zu kopieren — alle Konflikte wurden übersprungen",
+		sameFolder: "Beide Panels zeigen denselben Ordner",
+		sameFile: '„{name}" übersprungen — es ist dieselbe Datei',
+		typeMismatch: '„{name}" übersprungen — ein anderer Elementtyp ist im Weg',
+		transferFailed: 'Übertragung „{name}" fehlgeschlagen: {error}',
+		unknownError: "unbekannter Fehler",
+		saved: "{name} gespeichert",
+		disconnectedReason: "{title}: getrennt ({reason})",
+		imported: { one: "{count} Verbindung importiert", other: "{count} Verbindungen importiert" },
+		importedIntoStacks: { one: " in {count} neue Gruppe", other: " in {count} neue Gruppen" },
+		importedSkipped: " ({skipped} übersprungen)",
+		leftoverTitle: "Übrig gebliebene bearbeitete Dateien",
+		leftoverMore: ", +{count} weitere",
+		leftoverBody: {
+			one: "Eine frühere Sitzung hinterließ {count} temporäre bearbeitete Datei ({names}). Löschen?",
+			other: "Eine frühere Sitzung hinterließ {count} temporäre bearbeitete Dateien ({names}). Löschen?",
+		},
+		leftoverClear: "Löschen",
+	},
+	fileActions: {
+		deleteTitle: "Löschen",
+		deleteBody: "{what} löschen? Ordner werden rekursiv gelöscht. Dies kann nicht rückgängig gemacht werden.",
+		deleteConfirm: "Löschen",
+		renameTitle: '„{name}" umbenennen',
+		renameConfirm: "Umbenennen",
+		newFolderTitle: "Neuer Ordner",
+		newFolderPlaceholder: "Ordnername",
+		newFileTitle: "Neue Datei",
+		newFilePlaceholder: "Dateiname",
+		createConfirm: "Erstellen",
+		itemsCount: "{count} Elemente",
+	},
+	menu: {
+		about: "Über {app}",
+		quit: "Beenden",
+		file: "Datei",
+		newTab: "Neuer Tab",
+		closeTab: "Tab schließen",
+		newFolder: "Neuer Ordner",
+		newFile: "Neue Datei",
+		editFile: "Datei bearbeiten",
+		connect: "Verbinden",
+		connectionManager: "Verbindungsmanager…",
+		edit: "Bearbeiten",
+		view: "Ansicht",
+		refresh: "Aktualisieren",
+		window: "Fenster",
+	},
+	ctx: {
+		size: "Größe",
+		modified: "Geändert",
+		kind: "Typ",
+		rights: "Rechte",
+		owner: "Eigentümer",
+		group: "Gruppe",
+		revealFinder: "Im Finder anzeigen",
+		revealExplorer: "Im Explorer anzeigen",
+		revealFileManager: "Im Dateimanager anzeigen",
+		moveToTrash: "In den Papierkorb",
+		moveToRecycleBin: "In den Papierkorb",
+		newFolder: "Neuer Ordner",
+		newFile: "Neue Datei",
+		refresh: "Aktualisieren",
+		open: "Öffnen",
+		openDefault: "Mit Standard-App öffnen",
+		edit: "Bearbeiten",
+		copyToOther: "In anderes Panel kopieren",
+		rename: "Umbenennen",
+		permissions: "Berechtigungen",
+		copyPath: "Pfad kopieren",
+		delete: "Löschen",
+		columns: "Spalten",
+		trashTooltip: "Finders Wiederherstellen ist für von hier gelöschte Elemente nicht verfügbar",
+	},
+	errors: {
+		sshAgentUnavailable: "ssh-agent nicht verfügbar (SSH_AUTH_SOCK ist nicht gesetzt)",
+		identityFileNotFound: "Identitätsdatei nicht gefunden: {path}",
+		sessionNotConnected: 'Sitzung „{id}" ist nicht verbunden',
+		localCannotDisconnect: "Die lokale Sitzung kann nicht getrennt werden",
+		notADirectory: '„{path}" existiert und ist kein Ordner',
+		sameFileTransfer: '„{name}": Quelle und Ziel sind dieselbe Datei',
+		sameFileNoName: "Quelle und Ziel sind dieselbe Datei",
+		folderOntoItself: "Ein Ordner kann nicht auf sich selbst kopiert werden",
+		folderIntoItself: "Ein Ordner kann nicht in sich selbst kopiert werden",
+	},
+} as const;

src/shared/i18n/en.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+// English is the source of truth. Other locales mirror this shape; missing keys
+// fall back to English at lookup time. Placeholders use {name} interpolation.
+// Keep Transloco-compatible (nested namespaces, {param}) so a later migration
+// to a real i18n library is a drop-in of these dictionaries.
+
+export const en = {
+	common: {
+		cancel: "Cancel",
+		save: "Save",
+		close: "Close",
+		delete: "Delete",
+		rename: "Rename",
+		create: "Create",
+		apply: "Apply",
+		choose: "Choose…",
+		connect: "Connect",
+		local: "Local",
+	},
+	app: {
+		notConnectedTitle: "Not connected to the app",
+		notConnectedBody: "This page is running in a plain browser. Launch the desktop app to use it.",
+		managerOpen: "The connection manager is open.",
+		showConnections: "Show Connections",
+	},
+	tabBar: {
+		connections: "Connections",
+		manageConnections: "Manage connections",
+		newTab: "New tab ({mod}T)",
+		closeTab: "Close tab ({mod}W)",
+		options: "Options",
+	},
+	options: {
+		title: "Options",
+		language: "Language",
+		system: "System",
+		theme: { label: "Theme", system: "System", light: "Light", dark: "Dark" },
+		tone: { label: "Tone", dark: "Dark", darker: "Darker" },
+		accent: { label: "Accent" },
+		accentNames: {
+			graphite: "Graphite",
+			blue: "Blue",
+			indigo: "Indigo",
+			purple: "Purple",
+			rose: "Rose",
+			orange: "Orange",
+			green: "Green",
+			teal: "Teal",
+		},
+		fileIcons: { label: "File icons", plain: "Plain", multi: "Multi" },
+		interface: { label: "Interface", compact: "Compact", default: "Default", large: "Large" },
+		speedUnit: { label: "Speed unit" },
+		transfers: { label: "Transfers", single: "Single", multi: "Multi" },
+		atOnce: "At once",
+		editor: { label: "Editor", builtin: "Built-in", custom: "Custom" },
+		systemDefault: "System default",
+		resetDefault: "Reset to system default",
+		finishedTransfers: { label: "Finished transfers", autoClear: "Auto-clear", keep: "Keep" },
+	},
+	kinds: {
+		folder: "Folder",
+		symlink: "Symlink",
+		file: "File",
+		image: "Image",
+		audio: "Audio",
+		video: "Video",
+		archive: "Archive",
+		code: "Code",
+		document: "Document",
+	},
+	columns: {
+		name: "Name",
+		size: "Size",
+		mtime: "Modified",
+		kind: "Kind",
+		rights: "Rights",
+		owner: "Owner",
+		group: "Group",
+	},
+	panel: {
+		choosePanel: "Choose what this panel shows",
+		copy: "Copy",
+		copyToRight: "Copy to right panel (F5)",
+		copyToLeft: "Copy to left panel (F5)",
+		edit: "Edit",
+		editFile: "Edit file (F4)",
+		rename: "Rename (F2)",
+		newFolder: "New folder (F7)",
+		newFile: "New file",
+		permissions: "Permissions",
+		delete: "Delete",
+		deleteHint: "Delete (F8 / Del)",
+		parentDir: "Parent directory (Backspace)",
+		refresh: "Refresh",
+		clearFilter: "Clear filter (Esc)",
+		sshConfig: "~/.ssh/config",
+		connectingTo: "Connecting to {name}…",
+		emptyDir: "Empty directory",
+		noMatches: "No matches",
+		matches: { one: "{count} match · Esc", other: "{count} matches · Esc" },
+	},
+	connMgr: {
+		title: "Connections",
+		importWinscp: "Import from WinSCP…",
+		importWinscpHint: "Import sessions from a WinSCP.ini export",
+		newConnection: "Connection",
+		newConnectionHint: "New connection",
+		newStack: "Stack",
+		newStackHint: "New stack",
+		expand: "Expand",
+		collapse: "Collapse",
+		renameStack: "Rename stack",
+		deleteStack: "Delete stack",
+		openStack: "Open stack in tabs",
+		empty: "empty",
+		connectionsHeader: "Connections",
+		noneTitle: "No saved connections yet.",
+		noneBody: "Create one, or import your WinSCP sessions.",
+		name: "Name",
+		namePlaceholder: "my server",
+		host: "Host",
+		port: "Port",
+		stack: "Stack",
+		stackNone: "(none)",
+		username: "Username",
+		remotePath: "Remote path (optional)",
+		remotePathPlaceholder: "home directory",
+		auth: "Auth",
+		authPassword: "Password",
+		authKey: "Private key",
+		password: "Password",
+		privateKeyFile: "Private key file",
+		passphrase: "Passphrase (optional)",
+		localDir: "Local directory (optional)",
+		localDirPlaceholder: "~/projects/my-server",
+		localDirHint: "The other panel opens here when it's on Local and hasn't been navigated.",
+		more: "More…",
+		less: "Less…",
+		selectPrompt: "Select a connection or create a new one.",
+		newStackTitle: "New stack",
+		newStackPrompt: "stack name",
+		renameStackTitle: "Rename stack",
+		deleteStackTitle: "Delete stack",
+		deleteStackBody: 'Delete stack "{name}"? Its connections stay, ungrouped.',
+		deleteConnectionTitle: "Delete connection",
+		deleteConnectionBody: 'Delete "{name}"?',
+	},
+	editor: {
+		noFileTitle: "No file to edit",
+		noFileBody: "This window was opened without an editor context. Launch files from the app.",
+		wrap: "Wrap",
+		wrapHint: "Wrap long lines — hides line numbers ({alt}Z)",
+		findHint: "Find ({mod}F)",
+		findPlaceholder: "Find in file",
+		prevMatch: "Previous match (⇧↵)",
+		nextMatch: "Next match (↵)",
+		closeHint: "Close (Esc)",
+		disconnected: "Disconnected from {name} — saving will fail, but your text is preserved in this window.",
+		cantOpen: "Can't open {name}",
+		closeWindow: "Close Window",
+		shortcuts: "{mod}S save · {mod}F find · {mod}W close",
+		lines: { one: "{count} line", other: "{count} lines" },
+		close: "Close",
+		save: "Save",
+		saveChangesTitle: 'Save changes to "{name}"?',
+		saveChangesBody: "Your changes will be lost if you don't save them.",
+		dontSave: "Don't Save",
+		countLabel: "{current} of {total}",
+		noMatches: "No matches",
+	},
+	transfer: {
+		summary: "{active} active · {finished} finished",
+		clearFinished: "Clear finished",
+		cancel: "Cancel",
+		dismiss: "Dismiss",
+		showDetails: "Show transfer details",
+		copying: "Copying {name} · {percent}%{speed}",
+		queued: "{count} queued",
+		failed: { one: "{count} transfer failed", other: "{count} transfers failed" },
+		finished: "Transfers finished",
+		ready: "Ready",
+		items: "{count} items",
+		selected: "{count} selected",
+		queuedState: "Queued",
+		scanning: "Scanning…",
+		failedState: "Failed",
+		cancelled: "Cancelled",
+		completedFiles: { one: "{count} file · {size}", other: "{count} files · {size}" },
+		left: "{eta} left",
+	},
+	dialogs: {
+		chmodTitle: "Permissions",
+		chmodItems: "{count} items",
+		read: "Read",
+		write: "Write",
+		execute: "Execute",
+		roleOwner: "Owner",
+		roleGroup: "Group",
+		roleOthers: "Others",
+		octal: "Octal",
+		mergeFolder: "Merge folder",
+		replace: "Replace",
+		merge: "Merge",
+		mergeAll: "Merge all",
+		replaceAll: "Replace all",
+		skip: "Skip",
+		skipAll: "Skip all",
+		ofTotal: "{index} of {total}",
+		overwriteDirBody: "The destination already has a folder with this name. Merging may replace files inside it.",
+		overwriteFileBody: "The destination already has a file with this name.",
+		source: "Source",
+		destination: "Destination",
+		newer: "newer",
+	},
+	toasts: {
+		movedToTrash: 'Moved "{name}" to Trash',
+		editingExternal: "Editing {name} — saves upload automatically",
+		nothingToCopy: "Nothing to copy (symlinks are skipped)",
+		nothingToCopyAllSkipped: "Nothing to copy — all conflicting items were skipped",
+		sameFolder: "Both panels show the same folder",
+		sameFile: 'Skipped "{name}" — it is the same file',
+		typeMismatch: 'Skipped "{name}" — a different kind of item is in the way',
+		transferFailed: 'Transfer "{name}" failed: {error}',
+		unknownError: "unknown error",
+		saved: "Saved {name}",
+		disconnectedReason: "{title}: disconnected ({reason})",
+		imported: { one: "Imported {count} connection", other: "Imported {count} connections" },
+		importedIntoStacks: { one: " into {count} new stack", other: " into {count} new stacks" },
+		importedSkipped: " ({skipped} skipped)",
+		leftoverTitle: "Leftover edited files",
+		leftoverBody: {
+			one: "A previous session left {count} temporary edited file behind ({names}). Clear them?",
+			other: "A previous session left {count} temporary edited files behind ({names}). Clear them?",
+		},
+		leftoverMore: ", +{count} more",
+		leftoverClear: "Clear",
+	},
+	fileActions: {
+		deleteTitle: "Delete",
+		deleteBody: "Delete {what}? Folders are deleted recursively. This cannot be undone.",
+		deleteConfirm: "Delete",
+		renameTitle: 'Rename "{name}"',
+		renameConfirm: "Rename",
+		newFolderTitle: "New folder",
+		newFolderPlaceholder: "folder name",
+		newFileTitle: "New file",
+		newFilePlaceholder: "file name",
+		createConfirm: "Create",
+		itemsCount: "{count} items",
+	},
+	menu: {
+		about: "About {app}",
+		quit: "Quit",
+		file: "File",
+		newTab: "New Tab",
+		closeTab: "Close Tab",
+		newFolder: "New Folder",
+		newFile: "New File",
+		editFile: "Edit File",
+		connect: "Connect",
+		connectionManager: "Connection Manager…",
+		edit: "Edit",
+		view: "View",
+		refresh: "Refresh",
+		window: "Window",
+	},
+	ctx: {
+		size: "Size",
+		modified: "Modified",
+		kind: "Kind",
+		rights: "Rights",
+		owner: "Owner",
+		group: "Group",
+		revealFinder: "Reveal in Finder",
+		revealExplorer: "Show in Explorer",
+		revealFileManager: "Show in File Manager",
+		moveToTrash: "Move to Trash",
+		moveToRecycleBin: "Move to Recycle Bin",
+		newFolder: "New Folder",
+		newFile: "New File",
+		refresh: "Refresh",
+		open: "Open",
+		openDefault: "Open with the default application",
+		edit: "Edit",
+		copyToOther: "Copy to Other Panel",
+		rename: "Rename",
+		permissions: "Permissions",
+		copyPath: "Copy Path",
+		delete: "Delete",
+		columns: "Columns",
+		trashTooltip: "Finder's Restore is not available for items trashed from here",
+	},
+	errors: {
+		sshAgentUnavailable: "ssh-agent not available (SSH_AUTH_SOCK is not set)",
+		identityFileNotFound: "identity file not found: {path}",
+		sessionNotConnected: 'Session "{id}" is not connected',
+		localCannotDisconnect: "The local session cannot be disconnected",
+		notADirectory: '"{path}" exists and is not a directory',
+		sameFileTransfer: '"{name}": source and destination are the same file',
+		sameFileNoName: "Source and destination are the same file",
+		folderOntoItself: "Cannot copy a folder onto itself",
+		folderIntoItself: "Cannot copy a folder into itself",
+	},
+} as const;

src/shared/i18n/es.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+// Spanish translations. Missing keys fall back to English (see en.ts / index.ts).
+export const es = {
+	common: {
+		cancel: "Cancelar",
+		save: "Guardar",
+		close: "Cerrar",
+		delete: "Eliminar",
+		rename: "Renombrar",
+		create: "Crear",
+		apply: "Aplicar",
+		choose: "Elegir…",
+		connect: "Conectar",
+		local: "Local",
+	},
+	app: {
+		notConnectedTitle: "No conectado a la aplicación",
+		notConnectedBody: "Esta página se ejecuta en un navegador normal. Abre la aplicación de escritorio para usarla.",
+		managerOpen: "El gestor de conexiones está abierto.",
+		showConnections: "Mostrar conexiones",
+	},
+	tabBar: {
+		connections: "Conexiones",
+		manageConnections: "Gestionar conexiones",
+		newTab: "Nueva pestaña ({mod}T)",
+		closeTab: "Cerrar pestaña ({mod}W)",
+		options: "Opciones",
+	},
+	options: {
+		title: "Opciones",
+		language: "Idioma",
+		system: "Sistema",
+		theme: { label: "Tema", system: "Sistema", light: "Claro", dark: "Oscuro" },
+		tone: { label: "Tono", dark: "Oscuro", darker: "Más oscuro" },
+		accent: { label: "Acento" },
+		accentNames: {
+			graphite: "Grafito",
+			blue: "Azul",
+			indigo: "Índigo",
+			purple: "Morado",
+			rose: "Rosa",
+			orange: "Naranja",
+			green: "Verde",
+			teal: "Turquesa",
+		},
+		fileIcons: { label: "Iconos", plain: "Simple", multi: "Color" },
+		interface: { label: "Interfaz", compact: "Compacta", default: "Normal", large: "Grande" },
+		speedUnit: { label: "Unidad de velocidad" },
+		transfers: { label: "Transferencias", single: "Una", multi: "Varias" },
+		atOnce: "A la vez",
+		editor: { label: "Editor", builtin: "Integrado", custom: "Personalizado" },
+		systemDefault: "Predeterminado del sistema",
+		resetDefault: "Restablecer al predeterminado",
+		finishedTransfers: { label: "Transferencias completadas", autoClear: "Auto-limpiar", keep: "Mantener" },
+	},
+	kinds: {
+		folder: "Carpeta",
+		symlink: "Enlace simbólico",
+		file: "Archivo",
+		image: "Imagen",
+		audio: "Audio",
+		video: "Vídeo",
+		archive: "Archivo comprimido",
+		code: "Código",
+		document: "Documento",
+	},
+	columns: {
+		name: "Nombre",
+		size: "Tamaño",
+		mtime: "Modificado",
+		kind: "Tipo",
+		rights: "Permisos",
+		owner: "Propietario",
+		group: "Grupo",
+	},
+	panel: {
+		choosePanel: "Elige qué muestra este panel",
+		copy: "Copiar",
+		copyToRight: "Copiar al panel derecho (F5)",
+		copyToLeft: "Copiar al panel izquierdo (F5)",
+		edit: "Editar",
+		editFile: "Editar archivo (F4)",
+		rename: "Renombrar (F2)",
+		newFolder: "Nueva carpeta (F7)",
+		newFile: "Nuevo archivo",
+		permissions: "Permisos",
+		delete: "Eliminar",
+		deleteHint: "Eliminar (F8 / Supr)",
+		parentDir: "Carpeta superior (Retroceso)",
+		refresh: "Actualizar",
+		clearFilter: "Borrar filtro (Esc)",
+		sshConfig: "~/.ssh/config",
+		connectingTo: "Conectando con {name}…",
+		emptyDir: "Carpeta vacía",
+		noMatches: "Sin coincidencias",
+		matches: { one: "{count} coincidencia · Esc", other: "{count} coincidencias · Esc" },
+	},
+	connMgr: {
+		title: "Conexiones",
+		importWinscp: "Importar de WinSCP…",
+		importWinscpHint: "Importar sesiones de una exportación WinSCP.ini",
+		newConnection: "Conexión",
+		newConnectionHint: "Nueva conexión",
+		newStack: "Grupo",
+		newStackHint: "Nuevo grupo",
+		expand: "Expandir",
+		collapse: "Contraer",
+		renameStack: "Renombrar grupo",
+		deleteStack: "Eliminar grupo",
+		openStack: "Abrir grupo en pestañas",
+		empty: "vacío",
+		connectionsHeader: "Conexiones",
+		noneTitle: "Aún no hay conexiones guardadas.",
+		noneBody: "Crea una o importa tus sesiones de WinSCP.",
+		name: "Nombre",
+		namePlaceholder: "mi servidor",
+		host: "Servidor",
+		port: "Puerto",
+		stack: "Grupo",
+		stackNone: "(ninguno)",
+		username: "Usuario",
+		remotePath: "Ruta remota (opcional)",
+		remotePathPlaceholder: "carpeta de inicio",
+		auth: "Autenticación",
+		authPassword: "Contraseña",
+		authKey: "Clave privada",
+		password: "Contraseña",
+		privateKeyFile: "Archivo de clave privada",
+		passphrase: "Frase de contraseña (opcional)",
+		localDir: "Carpeta local (opcional)",
+		localDirPlaceholder: "~/proyectos/mi-servidor",
+		localDirHint: "El otro panel se abre aquí cuando está en Local y no se ha navegado.",
+		more: "Más…",
+		less: "Menos…",
+		selectPrompt: "Selecciona una conexión o crea una nueva.",
+		newStackTitle: "Nuevo grupo",
+		newStackPrompt: "nombre del grupo",
+		renameStackTitle: "Renombrar grupo",
+		deleteStackTitle: "Eliminar grupo",
+		deleteStackBody: '¿Eliminar el grupo "{name}"? Sus conexiones se mantienen, sin agrupar.',
+		deleteConnectionTitle: "Eliminar conexión",
+		deleteConnectionBody: '¿Eliminar "{name}"?',
+	},
+	editor: {
+		noFileTitle: "Ningún archivo que editar",
+		noFileBody: "Esta ventana se abrió sin contexto de editor. Abre archivos desde la aplicación.",
+		wrap: "Ajustar",
+		wrapHint: "Ajustar líneas largas — oculta los números de línea ({alt}Z)",
+		findHint: "Buscar ({mod}F)",
+		findPlaceholder: "Buscar en el archivo",
+		prevMatch: "Coincidencia anterior (⇧↵)",
+		nextMatch: "Coincidencia siguiente (↵)",
+		closeHint: "Cerrar (Esc)",
+		disconnected: "Desconectado de {name} — no se podrá guardar, pero tu texto se conserva en esta ventana.",
+		cantOpen: "No se puede abrir {name}",
+		closeWindow: "Cerrar ventana",
+		shortcuts: "{mod}S guardar · {mod}F buscar · {mod}W cerrar",
+		lines: { one: "{count} línea", other: "{count} líneas" },
+		close: "Cerrar",
+		save: "Guardar",
+		saveChangesTitle: '¿Guardar los cambios en "{name}"?',
+		saveChangesBody: "Perderás tus cambios si no los guardas.",
+		dontSave: "No guardar",
+		countLabel: "{current} de {total}",
+		noMatches: "Sin coincidencias",
+	},
+	transfer: {
+		summary: "{active} activas · {finished} completadas",
+		clearFinished: "Limpiar completadas",
+		cancel: "Cancelar",
+		dismiss: "Descartar",
+		showDetails: "Ver detalles de transferencias",
+		copying: "Copiando {name} · {percent}%{speed}",
+		queued: "{count} en cola",
+		failed: { one: "{count} transferencia fallida", other: "{count} transferencias fallidas" },
+		finished: "Transferencias completadas",
+		ready: "Listo",
+		items: "{count} elementos",
+		selected: "{count} seleccionados",
+		queuedState: "En cola",
+		scanning: "Analizando…",
+		failedState: "Fallida",
+		cancelled: "Cancelada",
+		completedFiles: { one: "{count} archivo · {size}", other: "{count} archivos · {size}" },
+		left: "{eta} restante",
+	},
+	dialogs: {
+		chmodTitle: "Permisos",
+		chmodItems: "{count} elementos",
+		read: "Lectura",
+		write: "Escritura",
+		execute: "Ejecución",
+		roleOwner: "Propietario",
+		roleGroup: "Grupo",
+		roleOthers: "Otros",
+		octal: "Octal",
+		mergeFolder: "Combinar carpeta",
+		replace: "Reemplazar",
+		merge: "Combinar",
+		mergeAll: "Combinar todo",
+		replaceAll: "Reemplazar todo",
+		skip: "Omitir",
+		skipAll: "Omitir todo",
+		ofTotal: "{index} de {total}",
+		overwriteDirBody: "El destino ya tiene una carpeta con este nombre. Combinar puede reemplazar archivos dentro.",
+		overwriteFileBody: "El destino ya tiene un archivo con este nombre.",
+		source: "Origen",
+		destination: "Destino",
+		newer: "más reciente",
+	},
+	toasts: {
+		movedToTrash: 'Se movió "{name}" a la papelera',
+		editingExternal: "Editando {name} — los cambios se suben automáticamente",
+		nothingToCopy: "Nada que copiar (los enlaces simbólicos se omiten)",
+		nothingToCopyAllSkipped: "Nada que copiar — se omitieron todos los elementos en conflicto",
+		sameFolder: "Ambos paneles muestran la misma carpeta",
+		sameFile: 'Se omitió "{name}" — es el mismo archivo',
+		typeMismatch: 'Se omitió "{name}" — hay otro tipo de elemento en el camino',
+		transferFailed: 'La transferencia "{name}" falló: {error}',
+		unknownError: "error desconocido",
+		saved: "Se guardó {name}",
+		disconnectedReason: "{title}: desconectado ({reason})",
+		imported: { one: "Se importó {count} conexión", other: "Se importaron {count} conexiones" },
+		importedIntoStacks: { one: " en {count} grupo nuevo", other: " en {count} grupos nuevos" },
+		importedSkipped: " ({skipped} omitidas)",
+		leftoverTitle: "Archivos editados sobrantes",
+		leftoverMore: ", +{count} más",
+		leftoverBody: {
+			one: "Una sesión anterior dejó {count} archivo editado temporal ({names}). ¿Eliminarlo?",
+			other: "Una sesión anterior dejó {count} archivos editados temporales ({names}). ¿Eliminarlos?",
+		},
+		leftoverClear: "Eliminar",
+	},
+	fileActions: {
+		deleteTitle: "Eliminar",
+		deleteBody: "¿Eliminar {what}? Las carpetas se eliminan de forma recursiva. Esto no se puede deshacer.",
+		deleteConfirm: "Eliminar",
+		renameTitle: 'Renombrar "{name}"',
+		renameConfirm: "Renombrar",
+		newFolderTitle: "Nueva carpeta",
+		newFolderPlaceholder: "nombre de la carpeta",
+		newFileTitle: "Nuevo archivo",
+		newFilePlaceholder: "nombre del archivo",
+		createConfirm: "Crear",
+		itemsCount: "{count} elementos",
+	},
+	menu: {
+		about: "Acerca de {app}",
+		quit: "Salir",
+		file: "Archivo",
+		newTab: "Nueva pestaña",
+		closeTab: "Cerrar pestaña",
+		newFolder: "Nueva carpeta",
+		newFile: "Nuevo archivo",
+		editFile: "Editar archivo",
+		connect: "Conectar",
+		connectionManager: "Gestor de conexiones…",
+		edit: "Edición",
+		view: "Ver",
+		refresh: "Actualizar",
+		window: "Ventana",
+	},
+	ctx: {
+		size: "Tamaño",
+		modified: "Modificado",
+		kind: "Tipo",
+		rights: "Permisos",
+		owner: "Propietario",
+		group: "Grupo",
+		revealFinder: "Mostrar en Finder",
+		revealExplorer: "Mostrar en el Explorador",
+		revealFileManager: "Mostrar en el gestor de archivos",
+		moveToTrash: "Mover a la papelera",
+		moveToRecycleBin: "Mover a la papelera de reciclaje",
+		newFolder: "Nueva carpeta",
+		newFile: "Nuevo archivo",
+		refresh: "Actualizar",
+		open: "Abrir",
+		openDefault: "Abrir con la aplicación predeterminada",
+		edit: "Editar",
+		copyToOther: "Copiar al otro panel",
+		rename: "Renombrar",
+		permissions: "Permisos",
+		copyPath: "Copiar ruta",
+		delete: "Eliminar",
+		columns: "Columnas",
+		trashTooltip: "La opción Restaurar de Finder no está disponible para elementos enviados a la papelera desde aquí",
+	},
+	errors: {
+		sshAgentUnavailable: "ssh-agent no disponible (SSH_AUTH_SOCK no está definido)",
+		identityFileNotFound: "archivo de identidad no encontrado: {path}",
+		sessionNotConnected: 'La sesión "{id}" no está conectada',
+		localCannotDisconnect: "La sesión local no se puede desconectar",
+		notADirectory: '"{path}" existe y no es una carpeta',
+		sameFileTransfer: '"{name}": el origen y el destino son el mismo archivo',
+		sameFileNoName: "El origen y el destino son el mismo archivo",
+		folderOntoItself: "No se puede copiar una carpeta sobre sí misma",
+		folderIntoItself: "No se puede copiar una carpeta dentro de sí misma",
+	},
+} as const;

src/shared/i18n/eu.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+// Basque (Euskara) translations. Fall back to English for missing keys.
+// TODO(i18n): AI draft — REQUIRES native-speaker review (Basque is error-prone
+// for machine/AI translation; treat every string as provisional).
+export const eu = {
+	common: {
+		cancel: "Utzi",
+		save: "Gorde",
+		close: "Itxi",
+		delete: "Ezabatu",
+		rename: "Berrizendatu",
+		create: "Sortu",
+		apply: "Aplikatu",
+		choose: "Aukeratu…",
+		connect: "Konektatu",
+		local: "Lokala",
+	},
+	app: {
+		notConnectedTitle: "Ez dago aplikaziora konektatuta",
+		notConnectedBody: "Orri hau nabigatzaile arrunt batean exekutatzen ari da. Ireki mahaigaineko aplikazioa erabiltzeko.",
+		managerOpen: "Konexio-kudeatzailea irekita dago.",
+		showConnections: "Erakutsi konexioak",
+	},
+	tabBar: {
+		connections: "Konexioak",
+		manageConnections: "Kudeatu konexioak",
+		newTab: "Fitxa berria ({mod}T)",
+		closeTab: "Itxi fitxa ({mod}W)",
+		options: "Aukerak",
+	},
+	options: {
+		title: "Aukerak",
+		language: "Hizkuntza",
+		system: "Sistema",
+		theme: { label: "Gaia", system: "Sistema", light: "Argia", dark: "Iluna" },
+		tone: { label: "Tonua", dark: "Iluna", darker: "Ilunagoa" },
+		accent: { label: "Azentua" },
+		accentNames: {
+			graphite: "Grafitoa",
+			blue: "Urdina",
+			indigo: "Indigoa",
+			purple: "Morea",
+			rose: "Arrosa",
+			orange: "Laranja",
+			green: "Berdea",
+			teal: "Turkesa",
+		},
+		fileIcons: { label: "Fitxategi-ikonoak", plain: "Soila", multi: "Koloretsua" },
+		interface: { label: "Interfazea", compact: "Trinkoa", default: "Lehenetsia", large: "Handia" },
+		speedUnit: { label: "Abiadura-unitatea" },
+		transfers: { label: "Transferentziak", single: "Banaka", multi: "Anitz" },
+		atOnce: "Aldi berean",
+		editor: { label: "Editorea", builtin: "Barnekoa", custom: "Pertsonalizatua" },
+		systemDefault: "Sistemaren lehenetsia",
+		resetDefault: "Berrezarri lehenetsira",
+		finishedTransfers: { label: "Amaitutako transferentziak", autoClear: "Garbitu", keep: "Mantendu" },
+	},
+	kinds: {
+		folder: "Karpeta",
+		symlink: "Esteka sinbolikoa",
+		file: "Fitxategia",
+		image: "Irudia",
+		audio: "Audioa",
+		video: "Bideoa",
+		archive: "Artxiboa",
+		code: "Kodea",
+		document: "Dokumentua",
+	},
+	columns: {
+		name: "Izena",
+		size: "Tamaina",
+		mtime: "Aldatze-data",
+		kind: "Mota",
+		rights: "Baimenak",
+		owner: "Jabea",
+		group: "Taldea",
+	},
+	panel: {
+		choosePanel: "Aukeratu panel honek zer erakusten duen",
+		copy: "Kopiatu",
+		copyToRight: "Kopiatu eskuineko panelera (F5)",
+		copyToLeft: "Kopiatu ezkerreko panelera (F5)",
+		edit: "Editatu",
+		editFile: "Editatu fitxategia (F4)",
+		rename: "Berrizendatu (F2)",
+		newFolder: "Karpeta berria (F7)",
+		newFile: "Fitxategi berria",
+		permissions: "Baimenak",
+		delete: "Ezabatu",
+		deleteHint: "Ezabatu (F8 / Del)",
+		parentDir: "Karpeta gurasoa (Atzera-tekla)",
+		refresh: "Freskatu",
+		clearFilter: "Garbitu iragazkia (Esc)",
+		sshConfig: "~/.ssh/config",
+		connectingTo: "{name}(e)ra konektatzen…",
+		emptyDir: "Karpeta hutsa",
+		noMatches: "Bat-etortzerik ez",
+		matches: { one: "bat-etortze {count} · Esc", other: "{count} bat-etortze · Esc" },
+	},
+	connMgr: {
+		title: "Konexioak",
+		importWinscp: "Inportatu WinSCPtik…",
+		importWinscpHint: "Inportatu saioak WinSCP.ini esportazio batetik",
+		newConnection: "Konexioa",
+		newConnectionHint: "Konexio berria",
+		newStack: "Taldea",
+		newStackHint: "Talde berria",
+		expand: "Zabaldu",
+		collapse: "Tolestu",
+		renameStack: "Berrizendatu taldea",
+		deleteStack: "Ezabatu taldea",
+		openStack: "Ireki taldea fitxetan",
+		empty: "hutsik",
+		connectionsHeader: "Konexioak",
+		noneTitle: "Oraindik ez dago gordetako konexiorik.",
+		noneBody: "Sortu bat edo inportatu zure WinSCP saioak.",
+		name: "Izena",
+		namePlaceholder: "nire zerbitzaria",
+		host: "Ostalaria",
+		port: "Ataka",
+		stack: "Taldea",
+		stackNone: "(bat ere ez)",
+		username: "Erabiltzailea",
+		remotePath: "Urruneko bidea (aukerakoa)",
+		remotePathPlaceholder: "hasierako karpeta",
+		auth: "Autentifikazioa",
+		authPassword: "Pasahitza",
+		authKey: "Gako pribatua",
+		password: "Pasahitza",
+		privateKeyFile: "Gako pribatuaren fitxategia",
+		passphrase: "Pasaesaldia (aukerakoa)",
+		localDir: "Karpeta lokala (aukerakoa)",
+		localDirPlaceholder: "~/proiektuak/nire-zerbitzaria",
+		localDirHint: "Beste panela hemen irekiko da Lokalean dagoenean eta nabigatu ez denean.",
+		more: "Gehiago…",
+		less: "Gutxiago…",
+		selectPrompt: "Hautatu konexio bat edo sortu berri bat.",
+		newStackTitle: "Talde berria",
+		newStackPrompt: "taldearen izena",
+		renameStackTitle: "Berrizendatu taldea",
+		deleteStackTitle: "Ezabatu taldea",
+		deleteStackBody: 'Ezabatu "{name}" taldea? Bere konexioak mantendu egingo dira, taldekatu gabe.',
+		deleteConnectionTitle: "Ezabatu konexioa",
+		deleteConnectionBody: 'Ezabatu "{name}"?',
+	},
+	editor: {
+		noFileTitle: "Ez dago editatzeko fitxategirik",
+		noFileBody: "Leiho hau editore-testuingururik gabe ireki da. Ireki fitxategiak aplikaziotik.",
+		wrap: "Doitu",
+		wrapHint: "Doitu lerro luzeak — lerro-zenbakiak ezkutatzen ditu ({alt}Z)",
+		findHint: "Bilatu ({mod}F)",
+		findPlaceholder: "Bilatu fitxategian",
+		prevMatch: "Aurreko bat-etortzea (⇧↵)",
+		nextMatch: "Hurrengo bat-etortzea (↵)",
+		closeHint: "Itxi (Esc)",
+		disconnected: "{name}(e)tik deskonektatuta — gordetzeak huts egingo du, baina zure testua leiho honetan gordeta dago.",
+		cantOpen: "Ezin da {name} ireki",
+		closeWindow: "Itxi leihoa",
+		shortcuts: "{mod}S gorde · {mod}F bilatu · {mod}W itxi",
+		lines: { one: "lerro {count}", other: "{count} lerro" },
+		close: "Itxi",
+		save: "Gorde",
+		saveChangesTitle: 'Gorde "{name}"(r)en aldaketak?',
+		saveChangesBody: "Zure aldaketak galduko dira gordetzen ez badituzu.",
+		dontSave: "Ez gorde",
+		countLabel: "{total}(e)tik {current}",
+		noMatches: "Bat-etortzerik ez",
+	},
+	transfer: {
+		summary: "{active} aktibo · {finished} amaituta",
+		clearFinished: "Garbitu amaituak",
+		cancel: "Utzi",
+		dismiss: "Baztertu",
+		showDetails: "Erakutsi transferentzien xehetasunak",
+		copying: "{name} kopiatzen · %{percent}{speed}",
+		queued: "{count} ilaran",
+		failed: { one: "transferentzia {count}(e)k huts egin du", other: "{count} transferentziak huts egin dute" },
+		finished: "Transferentziak amaituta",
+		ready: "Prest",
+		items: "{count} elementu",
+		selected: "{count} hautatuta",
+		queuedState: "Ilaran",
+		scanning: "Aztertzen…",
+		failedState: "Huts egin du",
+		cancelled: "Bertan behera utzita",
+		completedFiles: { one: "fitxategi {count} · {size}", other: "{count} fitxategi · {size}" },
+		left: "{eta} geratzen da",
+	},
+	dialogs: {
+		chmodTitle: "Baimenak",
+		chmodItems: "{count} elementu",
+		read: "Irakurri",
+		write: "Idatzi",
+		execute: "Exekutatu",
+		roleOwner: "Jabea",
+		roleGroup: "Taldea",
+		roleOthers: "Besteak",
+		octal: "Zortzitarra",
+		mergeFolder: "Batu karpeta",
+		replace: "Ordeztu",
+		merge: "Batu",
+		mergeAll: "Batu guztiak",
+		replaceAll: "Ordeztu guztiak",
+		skip: "Saltatu",
+		skipAll: "Saltatu guztiak",
+		ofTotal: "{total}(e)tik {index}",
+		overwriteDirBody: "Helmugan izen bereko karpeta bat dago jada. Batzeak barneko fitxategiak ordeztu ditzake.",
+		overwriteFileBody: "Helmugan izen bereko fitxategi bat dago jada.",
+		source: "Iturburua",
+		destination: "Helmuga",
+		newer: "berriagoa",
+	},
+	toasts: {
+		movedToTrash: '"{name}" zakarrontzira eraman da',
+		editingExternal: "{name} editatzen — gordetzean automatikoki igotzen da",
+		nothingToCopy: "Ez dago kopiatzeko ezer (esteka sinbolikoak saltatu egiten dira)",
+		nothingToCopyAllSkipped: "Ez dago kopiatzeko ezer — gatazkan zeuden elementu guztiak saltatu dira",
+		sameFolder: "Bi panelek karpeta bera erakusten dute",
+		sameFile: '"{name}" saltatu da — fitxategi bera da',
+		typeMismatch: '"{name}" saltatu da — beste mota bateko elementu bat dago bidean',
+		transferFailed: '"{name}" transferentziak huts egin du: {error}',
+		unknownError: "errore ezezaguna",
+		saved: "{name} gorde da",
+		disconnectedReason: "{title}: deskonektatuta ({reason})",
+		imported: { one: "konexio {count} inportatu da", other: "{count} konexio inportatu dira" },
+		importedIntoStacks: { one: " talde berri {count}ean", other: " {count} talde berritan" },
+		importedSkipped: " ({skipped} saltatuta)",
+		leftoverTitle: "Geratutako editatutako fitxategiak",
+		leftoverMore: ", +{count} gehiago",
+		leftoverBody: {
+			one: "Aurreko saio batek editatutako aldi baterako fitxategi {count} utzi zuen ({names}). Garbitu?",
+			other: "Aurreko saio batek editatutako aldi baterako {count} fitxategi utzi zituen ({names}). Garbitu?",
+		},
+		leftoverClear: "Garbitu",
+	},
+	fileActions: {
+		deleteTitle: "Ezabatu",
+		deleteBody: "Ezabatu {what}? Karpetak errekurtsiboki ezabatzen dira. Ezin da desegin.",
+		deleteConfirm: "Ezabatu",
+		renameTitle: 'Berrizendatu "{name}"',
+		renameConfirm: "Berrizendatu",
+		newFolderTitle: "Karpeta berria",
+		newFolderPlaceholder: "karpetaren izena",
+		newFileTitle: "Fitxategi berria",
+		newFilePlaceholder: "fitxategiaren izena",
+		createConfirm: "Sortu",
+		itemsCount: "{count} elementu",
+	},
+	menu: {
+		about: "{app} (r)i buruz",
+		quit: "Irten",
+		file: "Fitxategia",
+		newTab: "Fitxa berria",
+		closeTab: "Itxi fitxa",
+		newFolder: "Karpeta berria",
+		newFile: "Fitxategi berria",
+		editFile: "Editatu fitxategia",
+		connect: "Konektatu",
+		connectionManager: "Konexio-kudeatzailea…",
+		edit: "Editatu",
+		view: "Ikusi",
+		refresh: "Freskatu",
+		window: "Leihoa",
+	},
+	ctx: {
+		size: "Tamaina",
+		modified: "Aldatze-data",
+		kind: "Mota",
+		rights: "Baimenak",
+		owner: "Jabea",
+		group: "Taldea",
+		revealFinder: "Erakutsi Finder-en",
+		revealExplorer: "Erakutsi Explorer-en",
+		revealFileManager: "Erakutsi fitxategi-kudeatzailean",
+		moveToTrash: "Eraman zakarrontzira",
+		moveToRecycleBin: "Eraman birziklatze-ontzira",
+		newFolder: "Karpeta berria",
+		newFile: "Fitxategi berria",
+		refresh: "Freskatu",
+		open: "Ireki",
+		openDefault: "Ireki lehenetsitako aplikazioarekin",
+		edit: "Editatu",
+		copyToOther: "Kopiatu beste panelera",
+		rename: "Berrizendatu",
+		permissions: "Baimenak",
+		copyPath: "Kopiatu bidea",
+		delete: "Ezabatu",
+		columns: "Zutabeak",
+		trashTooltip: "Finder-en «Jarri berriro» ez dago erabilgarri hemendik zakarrontzira botatako elementuentzat",
+	},
+	errors: {
+		sshAgentUnavailable: "ssh-agent ez dago erabilgarri (SSH_AUTH_SOCK ez dago ezarrita)",
+		identityFileNotFound: "identitate-fitxategia ez da aurkitu: {path}",
+		sessionNotConnected: '"{id}" saioa ez dago konektatuta',
+		localCannotDisconnect: "Saio lokala ezin da deskonektatu",
+		notADirectory: '"{path}" badago eta ez da karpeta bat',
+		sameFileTransfer: '"{name}": iturburua eta helmuga fitxategi bera dira',
+		sameFileNoName: "Iturburua eta helmuga fitxategi bera dira",
+		folderOntoItself: "Ezin da karpeta bat bere gainean kopiatu",
+		folderIntoItself: "Ezin da karpeta bat bere barnean kopiatu",
+	},
+} as const;

src/shared/i18n/fr.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+// French translations. Missing keys fall back to English (see en.ts / index.ts).
+export const fr = {
+	common: {
+		cancel: "Annuler",
+		save: "Enregistrer",
+		close: "Fermer",
+		delete: "Supprimer",
+		rename: "Renommer",
+		create: "Créer",
+		apply: "Appliquer",
+		choose: "Choisir…",
+		connect: "Connecter",
+		local: "Local",
+	},
+	app: {
+		notConnectedTitle: "Non connecté à l'application",
+		notConnectedBody: "Cette page s'exécute dans un navigateur classique. Lancez l'application de bureau pour l'utiliser.",
+		managerOpen: "Le gestionnaire de connexions est ouvert.",
+		showConnections: "Afficher les connexions",
+	},
+	tabBar: {
+		connections: "Connexions",
+		manageConnections: "Gérer les connexions",
+		newTab: "Nouvel onglet ({mod}T)",
+		closeTab: "Fermer l'onglet ({mod}W)",
+		options: "Options",
+	},
+	options: {
+		title: "Options",
+		language: "Langue",
+		system: "Système",
+		theme: { label: "Thème", system: "Système", light: "Clair", dark: "Sombre" },
+		tone: { label: "Ton", dark: "Sombre", darker: "Plus sombre" },
+		accent: { label: "Accent" },
+		accentNames: {
+			graphite: "Graphite",
+			blue: "Bleu",
+			indigo: "Indigo",
+			purple: "Violet",
+			rose: "Rose",
+			orange: "Orange",
+			green: "Vert",
+			teal: "Sarcelle",
+		},
+		fileIcons: { label: "Icônes", plain: "Simple", multi: "Couleur" },
+		interface: { label: "Interface", compact: "Compacte", default: "Normale", large: "Grande" },
+		speedUnit: { label: "Unité de vitesse" },
+		transfers: { label: "Transferts", single: "Un", multi: "Plusieurs" },
+		atOnce: "Simultanés",
+		editor: { label: "Éditeur", builtin: "Intégré", custom: "Personnalisé" },
+		systemDefault: "Valeur par défaut du système",
+		resetDefault: "Réinitialiser par défaut",
+		finishedTransfers: { label: "Transferts terminés", autoClear: "Effacer auto.", keep: "Garder" },
+	},
+	kinds: {
+		folder: "Dossier",
+		symlink: "Lien symbolique",
+		file: "Fichier",
+		image: "Image",
+		audio: "Audio",
+		video: "Vidéo",
+		archive: "Archive",
+		code: "Code",
+		document: "Document",
+	},
+	columns: {
+		name: "Nom",
+		size: "Taille",
+		mtime: "Modifié",
+		kind: "Type",
+		rights: "Droits",
+		owner: "Propriétaire",
+		group: "Groupe",
+	},
+	panel: {
+		choosePanel: "Choisir ce qu'affiche ce panneau",
+		copy: "Copier",
+		copyToRight: "Copier vers le panneau droit (F5)",
+		copyToLeft: "Copier vers le panneau gauche (F5)",
+		edit: "Éditer",
+		editFile: "Éditer le fichier (F4)",
+		rename: "Renommer (F2)",
+		newFolder: "Nouveau dossier (F7)",
+		newFile: "Nouveau fichier",
+		permissions: "Autorisations",
+		delete: "Supprimer",
+		deleteHint: "Supprimer (F8 / Suppr)",
+		parentDir: "Dossier parent (Retour arrière)",
+		refresh: "Actualiser",
+		clearFilter: "Effacer le filtre (Échap)",
+		sshConfig: "~/.ssh/config",
+		connectingTo: "Connexion à {name}…",
+		emptyDir: "Dossier vide",
+		noMatches: "Aucun résultat",
+		matches: { one: "{count} résultat · Échap", other: "{count} résultats · Échap" },
+	},
+	connMgr: {
+		title: "Connexions",
+		importWinscp: "Importer depuis WinSCP…",
+		importWinscpHint: "Importer des sessions depuis un export WinSCP.ini",
+		newConnection: "Connexion",
+		newConnectionHint: "Nouvelle connexion",
+		newStack: "Groupe",
+		newStackHint: "Nouveau groupe",
+		expand: "Développer",
+		collapse: "Réduire",
+		renameStack: "Renommer le groupe",
+		deleteStack: "Supprimer le groupe",
+		openStack: "Ouvrir le groupe dans des onglets",
+		empty: "vide",
+		connectionsHeader: "Connexions",
+		noneTitle: "Aucune connexion enregistrée.",
+		noneBody: "Créez-en une ou importez vos sessions WinSCP.",
+		name: "Nom",
+		namePlaceholder: "mon serveur",
+		host: "Hôte",
+		port: "Port",
+		stack: "Groupe",
+		stackNone: "(aucun)",
+		username: "Utilisateur",
+		remotePath: "Chemin distant (facultatif)",
+		remotePathPlaceholder: "dossier personnel",
+		auth: "Authentification",
+		authPassword: "Mot de passe",
+		authKey: "Clé privée",
+		password: "Mot de passe",
+		privateKeyFile: "Fichier de clé privée",
+		passphrase: "Phrase secrète (facultative)",
+		localDir: "Dossier local (facultatif)",
+		localDirPlaceholder: "~/projets/mon-serveur",
+		localDirHint: "L'autre panneau s'ouvre ici lorsqu'il est sur Local et n'a pas été parcouru.",
+		more: "Plus…",
+		less: "Moins…",
+		selectPrompt: "Sélectionnez une connexion ou créez-en une nouvelle.",
+		newStackTitle: "Nouveau groupe",
+		newStackPrompt: "nom du groupe",
+		renameStackTitle: "Renommer le groupe",
+		deleteStackTitle: "Supprimer le groupe",
+		deleteStackBody: 'Supprimer le groupe « {name} » ? Ses connexions sont conservées, sans groupe.',
+		deleteConnectionTitle: "Supprimer la connexion",
+		deleteConnectionBody: 'Supprimer « {name} » ?',
+	},
+	editor: {
+		noFileTitle: "Aucun fichier à éditer",
+		noFileBody: "Cette fenêtre a été ouverte sans contexte d'éditeur. Ouvrez des fichiers depuis l'application.",
+		wrap: "Retour",
+		wrapHint: "Retour à la ligne — masque les numéros de ligne ({alt}Z)",
+		findHint: "Rechercher ({mod}F)",
+		findPlaceholder: "Rechercher dans le fichier",
+		prevMatch: "Résultat précédent (⇧↵)",
+		nextMatch: "Résultat suivant (↵)",
+		closeHint: "Fermer (Échap)",
+		disconnected: "Déconnecté de {name} — l'enregistrement échouera, mais votre texte est conservé dans cette fenêtre.",
+		cantOpen: "Impossible d'ouvrir {name}",
+		closeWindow: "Fermer la fenêtre",
+		shortcuts: "{mod}S enregistrer · {mod}F rechercher · {mod}W fermer",
+		lines: { one: "{count} ligne", other: "{count} lignes" },
+		close: "Fermer",
+		save: "Enregistrer",
+		saveChangesTitle: 'Enregistrer les modifications de « {name} » ?',
+		saveChangesBody: "Vos modifications seront perdues si vous ne les enregistrez pas.",
+		dontSave: "Ne pas enregistrer",
+		countLabel: "{current} sur {total}",
+		noMatches: "Aucun résultat",
+	},
+	transfer: {
+		summary: "{active} en cours · {finished} terminés",
+		clearFinished: "Effacer les terminés",
+		cancel: "Annuler",
+		dismiss: "Ignorer",
+		showDetails: "Afficher les détails des transferts",
+		copying: "Copie de {name} · {percent}%{speed}",
+		queued: "{count} en file",
+		failed: { one: "{count} transfert échoué", other: "{count} transferts échoués" },
+		finished: "Transferts terminés",
+		ready: "Prêt",
+		items: "{count} éléments",
+		selected: "{count} sélectionnés",
+		queuedState: "En file",
+		scanning: "Analyse…",
+		failedState: "Échec",
+		cancelled: "Annulé",
+		completedFiles: { one: "{count} fichier · {size}", other: "{count} fichiers · {size}" },
+		left: "{eta} restant",
+	},
+	dialogs: {
+		chmodTitle: "Autorisations",
+		chmodItems: "{count} éléments",
+		read: "Lecture",
+		write: "Écriture",
+		execute: "Exécution",
+		roleOwner: "Propriétaire",
+		roleGroup: "Groupe",
+		roleOthers: "Autres",
+		octal: "Octal",
+		mergeFolder: "Fusionner le dossier",
+		replace: "Remplacer",
+		merge: "Fusionner",
+		mergeAll: "Tout fusionner",
+		replaceAll: "Tout remplacer",
+		skip: "Ignorer",
+		skipAll: "Tout ignorer",
+		ofTotal: "{index} sur {total}",
+		overwriteDirBody: "La destination contient déjà un dossier de ce nom. La fusion peut remplacer des fichiers.",
+		overwriteFileBody: "La destination contient déjà un fichier de ce nom.",
+		source: "Source",
+		destination: "Destination",
+		newer: "plus récent",
+	},
+	toasts: {
+		movedToTrash: '« {name} » mis à la corbeille',
+		editingExternal: "Édition de {name} — les enregistrements sont envoyés automatiquement",
+		nothingToCopy: "Rien à copier (les liens symboliques sont ignorés)",
+		nothingToCopyAllSkipped: "Rien à copier — tous les éléments en conflit ont été ignorés",
+		sameFolder: "Les deux panneaux affichent le même dossier",
+		sameFile: "« {name} » ignoré — c'est le même fichier",
+		typeMismatch: "« {name} » ignoré — un autre type d'élément est déjà là",
+		transferFailed: 'Le transfert « {name} » a échoué : {error}',
+		unknownError: "erreur inconnue",
+		saved: "{name} enregistré",
+		disconnectedReason: "{title} : déconnecté ({reason})",
+		imported: { one: "{count} connexion importée", other: "{count} connexions importées" },
+		importedIntoStacks: { one: " dans {count} nouveau groupe", other: " dans {count} nouveaux groupes" },
+		importedSkipped: " ({skipped} ignorées)",
+		leftoverTitle: "Fichiers édités restants",
+		leftoverMore: ", +{count} de plus",
+		leftoverBody: {
+			one: "Une session précédente a laissé {count} fichier édité temporaire ({names}). Les supprimer ?",
+			other: "Une session précédente a laissé {count} fichiers édités temporaires ({names}). Les supprimer ?",
+		},
+		leftoverClear: "Supprimer",
+	},
+	fileActions: {
+		deleteTitle: "Supprimer",
+		deleteBody: "Supprimer {what} ? Les dossiers sont supprimés récursivement. Action irréversible.",
+		deleteConfirm: "Supprimer",
+		renameTitle: 'Renommer « {name} »',
+		renameConfirm: "Renommer",
+		newFolderTitle: "Nouveau dossier",
+		newFolderPlaceholder: "nom du dossier",
+		newFileTitle: "Nouveau fichier",
+		newFilePlaceholder: "nom du fichier",
+		createConfirm: "Créer",
+		itemsCount: "{count} éléments",
+	},
+	menu: {
+		about: "À propos de {app}",
+		quit: "Quitter",
+		file: "Fichier",
+		newTab: "Nouvel onglet",
+		closeTab: "Fermer l'onglet",
+		newFolder: "Nouveau dossier",
+		newFile: "Nouveau fichier",
+		editFile: "Éditer le fichier",
+		connect: "Connecter",
+		connectionManager: "Gestionnaire de connexions…",
+		edit: "Édition",
+		view: "Affichage",
+		refresh: "Actualiser",
+		window: "Fenêtre",
+	},
+	ctx: {
+		size: "Taille",
+		modified: "Modifié",
+		kind: "Type",
+		rights: "Droits",
+		owner: "Propriétaire",
+		group: "Groupe",
+		revealFinder: "Afficher dans le Finder",
+		revealExplorer: "Afficher dans l'Explorateur",
+		revealFileManager: "Afficher dans le gestionnaire de fichiers",
+		moveToTrash: "Mettre à la corbeille",
+		moveToRecycleBin: "Mettre à la corbeille",
+		newFolder: "Nouveau dossier",
+		newFile: "Nouveau fichier",
+		refresh: "Actualiser",
+		open: "Ouvrir",
+		openDefault: "Ouvrir avec l'application par défaut",
+		edit: "Éditer",
+		copyToOther: "Copier vers l'autre panneau",
+		rename: "Renommer",
+		permissions: "Autorisations",
+		copyPath: "Copier le chemin",
+		delete: "Supprimer",
+		columns: "Colonnes",
+		trashTooltip: "La restauration du Finder n'est pas disponible pour les éléments mis à la corbeille d'ici",
+	},
+	errors: {
+		sshAgentUnavailable: "ssh-agent indisponible (SSH_AUTH_SOCK non défini)",
+		identityFileNotFound: "fichier d'identité introuvable : {path}",
+		sessionNotConnected: "La session « {id} » n'est pas connectée",
+		localCannotDisconnect: "La session locale ne peut pas être déconnectée",
+		notADirectory: "« {path} » existe et n'est pas un dossier",
+		sameFileTransfer: '« {name} » : la source et la destination sont le même fichier',
+		sameFileNoName: "La source et la destination sont le même fichier",
+		folderOntoItself: "Impossible de copier un dossier sur lui-même",
+		folderIntoItself: "Impossible de copier un dossier dans lui-même",
+	},
+} as const;

src/shared/i18n/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import type { SupportedLocale } from "../types";
+import { de } from "./de";
+import { en } from "./en";
+import { es } from "./es";
+import { eu } from "./eu";
+import { fr } from "./fr";
+import { ja } from "./ja";
+import { zh } from "./zh";
+
+/** A translation tree: leaves are strings; a leaf may be a plural map. */
+export type Messages = { readonly [key: string]: string | Messages };
+
+export const DICTS: Record<SupportedLocale, Messages> = { en, es, eu, fr, de, zh, ja };
+
+/** Order shown in the language picker. */
+export const SUPPORTED: readonly SupportedLocale[] = ["en", "es", "eu", "fr", "de", "zh", "ja"];
+
+/** Each language named in itself (endonyms) for the picker. */
+export const LOCALE_LABELS: Record<SupportedLocale, string> = {
+	en: "English",
+	es: "Español",
+	eu: "Euskara",
+	fr: "Français",
+	de: "Deutsch",
+	zh: "中文",
+	ja: "日本語",
+};
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the effective locale: an explicit choice wins; "system" maps the OS
+ * BCP-47 tag (e.g. "es-ES", "zh-Hans-CN") to a supported language, else English.
+ */
+export function resolveLocale(
+	setting: "system" | SupportedLocale,
+	osLocale: string | undefined,
+): SupportedLocale {
+	if (setting !== "system") return setting;
+	const tag = (osLocale ?? "en").toLowerCase();
+	const primary = tag.split("-")[0];
+	return (SUPPORTED as readonly string[]).includes(primary)
+		? (primary as SupportedLocale)
+		: "en";
+}

src/shared/i18n/ja.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+// Japanese translations. Fall back to English for missing keys.
+// TODO(i18n): AI draft — needs native-speaker review.
+export const ja = {
+	common: {
+		cancel: "キャンセル",
+		save: "保存",
+		close: "閉じる",
+		delete: "削除",
+		rename: "名前を変更",
+		create: "作成",
+		apply: "適用",
+		choose: "選択…",
+		connect: "接続",
+		local: "ローカル",
+	},
+	app: {
+		notConnectedTitle: "アプリに接続されていません",
+		notConnectedBody: "このページは通常のブラウザで動作しています。デスクトップアプリを起動して使用してください。",
+		managerOpen: "接続マネージャーが開いています。",
+		showConnections: "接続を表示",
+	},
+	tabBar: {
+		connections: "接続",
+		manageConnections: "接続を管理",
+		newTab: "新しいタブ ({mod}T)",
+		closeTab: "タブを閉じる ({mod}W)",
+		options: "オプション",
+	},
+	options: {
+		title: "オプション",
+		language: "言語",
+		system: "システム",
+		theme: { label: "テーマ", system: "システム", light: "ライト", dark: "ダーク" },
+		tone: { label: "トーン", dark: "ダーク", darker: "より暗く" },
+		accent: { label: "アクセント" },
+		accentNames: {
+			graphite: "グラファイト",
+			blue: "ブルー",
+			indigo: "インディゴ",
+			purple: "パープル",
+			rose: "ローズ",
+			orange: "オレンジ",
+			green: "グリーン",
+			teal: "ティール",
+		},
+		fileIcons: { label: "ファイルアイコン", plain: "シンプル", multi: "カラー" },
+		interface: { label: "インターフェース", compact: "コンパクト", default: "標準", large: "大" },
+		speedUnit: { label: "速度の単位" },
+		transfers: { label: "転送", single: "1件ずつ", multi: "複数" },
+		atOnce: "同時数",
+		editor: { label: "エディタ", builtin: "内蔵", custom: "カスタム" },
+		systemDefault: "システムの既定",
+		resetDefault: "既定に戻す",
+		finishedTransfers: { label: "完了した転送", autoClear: "自動クリア", keep: "保持" },
+	},
+	kinds: {
+		folder: "フォルダ",
+		symlink: "シンボリックリンク",
+		file: "ファイル",
+		image: "画像",
+		audio: "オーディオ",
+		video: "動画",
+		archive: "アーカイブ",
+		code: "コード",
+		document: "ドキュメント",
+	},
+	columns: {
+		name: "名前",
+		size: "サイズ",
+		mtime: "更新日時",
+		kind: "種類",
+		rights: "権限",
+		owner: "所有者",
+		group: "グループ",
+	},
+	panel: {
+		choosePanel: "このパネルに表示する内容を選択",
+		copy: "コピー",
+		copyToRight: "右のパネルへコピー (F5)",
+		copyToLeft: "左のパネルへコピー (F5)",
+		edit: "編集",
+		editFile: "ファイルを編集 (F4)",
+		rename: "名前を変更 (F2)",
+		newFolder: "新規フォルダ (F7)",
+		newFile: "新規ファイル",
+		permissions: "アクセス権",
+		delete: "削除",
+		deleteHint: "削除 (F8 / Del)",
+		parentDir: "親フォルダ (Backspace)",
+		refresh: "更新",
+		clearFilter: "フィルターをクリア (Esc)",
+		sshConfig: "~/.ssh/config",
+		connectingTo: "{name} に接続中…",
+		emptyDir: "空のフォルダ",
+		noMatches: "一致なし",
+		matches: { other: "{count} 件一致 · Esc" },
+	},
+	connMgr: {
+		title: "接続",
+		importWinscp: "WinSCP からインポート…",
+		importWinscpHint: "WinSCP.ini エクスポートからセッションをインポート",
+		newConnection: "接続",
+		newConnectionHint: "新規接続",
+		newStack: "グループ",
+		newStackHint: "新規グループ",
+		expand: "展開",
+		collapse: "折りたたむ",
+		renameStack: "グループ名を変更",
+		deleteStack: "グループを削除",
+		openStack: "グループをタブで開く",
+		empty: "空",
+		connectionsHeader: "接続",
+		noneTitle: "保存された接続はまだありません。",
+		noneBody: "作成するか、WinSCP セッションをインポートしてください。",
+		name: "名前",
+		namePlaceholder: "マイサーバー",
+		host: "ホスト",
+		port: "ポート",
+		stack: "グループ",
+		stackNone: "（なし）",
+		username: "ユーザー名",
+		remotePath: "リモートパス（任意）",
+		remotePathPlaceholder: "ホームディレクトリ",
+		auth: "認証",
+		authPassword: "パスワード",
+		authKey: "秘密鍵",
+		password: "パスワード",
+		privateKeyFile: "秘密鍵ファイル",
+		passphrase: "パスフレーズ（任意）",
+		localDir: "ローカルディレクトリ（任意）",
+		localDirPlaceholder: "~/projects/my-server",
+		localDirHint: "もう一方のパネルがローカルで未操作のとき、ここが開きます。",
+		more: "詳細…",
+		less: "閉じる…",
+		selectPrompt: "接続を選択するか、新しく作成してください。",
+		newStackTitle: "新規グループ",
+		newStackPrompt: "グループ名",
+		renameStackTitle: "グループ名を変更",
+		deleteStackTitle: "グループを削除",
+		deleteStackBody: 'グループ "{name}" を削除しますか？含まれる接続は残り、グループ解除されます。',
+		deleteConnectionTitle: "接続を削除",
+		deleteConnectionBody: '"{name}" を削除しますか？',
+	},
+	editor: {
+		noFileTitle: "編集するファイルがありません",
+		noFileBody: "このウィンドウはエディタコンテキストなしで開かれました。アプリからファイルを開いてください。",
+		wrap: "折り返し",
+		wrapHint: "長い行を折り返す — 行番号を非表示 ({alt}Z)",
+		findHint: "検索 ({mod}F)",
+		findPlaceholder: "ファイル内を検索",
+		prevMatch: "前の一致 (⇧↵)",
+		nextMatch: "次の一致 (↵)",
+		closeHint: "閉じる (Esc)",
+		disconnected: "{name} から切断されました — 保存は失敗しますが、テキストはこのウィンドウに保持されます。",
+		cantOpen: "{name} を開けません",
+		closeWindow: "ウィンドウを閉じる",
+		shortcuts: "{mod}S 保存 · {mod}F 検索 · {mod}W 閉じる",
+		lines: { other: "{count} 行" },
+		close: "閉じる",
+		save: "保存",
+		saveChangesTitle: '"{name}" への変更を保存しますか？',
+		saveChangesBody: "保存しないと変更は失われます。",
+		dontSave: "保存しない",
+		countLabel: "{total} 件中 {current} 件目",
+		noMatches: "一致なし",
+	},
+	transfer: {
+		summary: "{active} 件実行中 · {finished} 件完了",
+		clearFinished: "完了分をクリア",
+		cancel: "キャンセル",
+		dismiss: "閉じる",
+		showDetails: "転送の詳細を表示",
+		copying: "{name} をコピー中 · {percent}%{speed}",
+		queued: "{count} 件待機中",
+		failed: { other: "{count} 件の転送が失敗" },
+		finished: "転送が完了しました",
+		ready: "準備完了",
+		items: "{count} 項目",
+		selected: "{count} 件選択中",
+		queuedState: "待機中",
+		scanning: "スキャン中…",
+		failedState: "失敗",
+		cancelled: "キャンセル済み",
+		completedFiles: { other: "{count} 個のファイル · {size}" },
+		left: "残り {eta}",
+	},
+	dialogs: {
+		chmodTitle: "アクセス権",
+		chmodItems: "{count} 項目",
+		read: "読み取り",
+		write: "書き込み",
+		execute: "実行",
+		roleOwner: "所有者",
+		roleGroup: "グループ",
+		roleOthers: "その他",
+		octal: "8進数",
+		mergeFolder: "フォルダを結合",
+		replace: "置き換える",
+		merge: "結合",
+		mergeAll: "すべて結合",
+		replaceAll: "すべて置き換える",
+		skip: "スキップ",
+		skipAll: "すべてスキップ",
+		ofTotal: "{total} 件中 {index} 件目",
+		overwriteDirBody: "コピー先に同名のフォルダが既にあります。結合すると中のファイルが置き換わる可能性があります。",
+		overwriteFileBody: "コピー先に同名のファイルが既にあります。",
+		source: "コピー元",
+		destination: "コピー先",
+		newer: "新しい",
+	},
+	toasts: {
+		movedToTrash: '"{name}" をゴミ箱に移動しました',
+		editingExternal: "{name} を編集中 — 保存すると自動でアップロードされます",
+		nothingToCopy: "コピーする項目がありません（シンボリックリンクはスキップされます）",
+		nothingToCopyAllSkipped: "コピーする項目がありません — 競合する項目はすべてスキップされました",
+		sameFolder: "両方のパネルが同じフォルダを表示しています",
+		sameFile: '"{name}" をスキップしました — 同じファイルです',
+		typeMismatch: '"{name}" をスキップしました — 別の種類の項目があります',
+		transferFailed: '転送 "{name}" が失敗しました: {error}',
+		unknownError: "不明なエラー",
+		saved: "{name} を保存しました",
+		disconnectedReason: "{title}: 切断されました ({reason})",
+		imported: { other: "{count} 件の接続をインポートしました" },
+		importedIntoStacks: { other: "（{count} 件の新規グループに）" },
+		importedSkipped: "（{skipped} 件スキップ）",
+		leftoverTitle: "残った編集済みファイル",
+		leftoverMore: "、他 {count} 件",
+		leftoverBody: {
+			other: "前回のセッションで {count} 件の一時編集ファイルが残っています（{names}）。クリアしますか？",
+		},
+		leftoverClear: "クリア",
+	},
+	fileActions: {
+		deleteTitle: "削除",
+		deleteBody: "{what} を削除しますか？フォルダは再帰的に削除されます。この操作は取り消せません。",
+		deleteConfirm: "削除",
+		renameTitle: '"{name}" の名前を変更',
+		renameConfirm: "名前を変更",
+		newFolderTitle: "新規フォルダ",
+		newFolderPlaceholder: "フォルダ名",
+		newFileTitle: "新規ファイル",
+		newFilePlaceholder: "ファイル名",
+		createConfirm: "作成",
+		itemsCount: "{count} 項目",
+	},
+	menu: {
+		about: "{app} について",
+		quit: "終了",
+		file: "ファイル",
+		newTab: "新しいタブ",
+		closeTab: "タブを閉じる",
+		newFolder: "新規フォルダ",
+		newFile: "新規ファイル",
+		editFile: "ファイルを編集",
+		connect: "接続",
+		connectionManager: "接続マネージャー…",
+		edit: "編集",
+		view: "表示",
+		refresh: "更新",
+		window: "ウィンドウ",
+	},
+	ctx: {
+		size: "サイズ",
+		modified: "更新日時",
+		kind: "種類",
+		rights: "権限",
+		owner: "所有者",
+		group: "グループ",
+		revealFinder: "Finder で表示",
+		revealExplorer: "エクスプローラーで表示",
+		revealFileManager: "ファイルマネージャーで表示",
+		moveToTrash: "ゴミ箱に移動",
+		moveToRecycleBin: "ごみ箱に移動",
+		newFolder: "新規フォルダ",
+		newFile: "新規ファイル",
+		refresh: "更新",
+		open: "開く",
+		openDefault: "既定のアプリで開く",
+		edit: "編集",
+		copyToOther: "もう一方のパネルへコピー",
+		rename: "名前を変更",
+		permissions: "アクセス権",
+		copyPath: "パスをコピー",
+		delete: "削除",
+		columns: "列",
+		trashTooltip: "ここからゴミ箱に入れた項目は Finder の「戻す」を利用できません",
+	},
+	errors: {
+		sshAgentUnavailable: "ssh-agent が利用できません（SSH_AUTH_SOCK が未設定）",
+		identityFileNotFound: "認証鍵ファイルが見つかりません: {path}",
+		sessionNotConnected: 'セッション "{id}" は接続されていません',
+		localCannotDisconnect: "ローカルセッションは切断できません",
+		notADirectory: '"{path}" は存在し、フォルダではありません',
+		sameFileTransfer: '"{name}": コピー元とコピー先が同じファイルです',
+		sameFileNoName: "コピー元とコピー先が同じファイルです",
+		folderOntoItself: "フォルダをそれ自身の上にコピーすることはできません",
+		folderIntoItself: "フォルダをそれ自身の中にコピーすることはできません",
+	},
+} as const;

src/shared/i18n/zh.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+// Simplified Chinese translations. Fall back to English for missing keys.
+// TODO(i18n): AI draft — needs native-speaker review.
+export const zh = {
+	common: {
+		cancel: "取消",
+		save: "保存",
+		close: "关闭",
+		delete: "删除",
+		rename: "重命名",
+		create: "创建",
+		apply: "应用",
+		choose: "选择…",
+		connect: "连接",
+		local: "本地",
+	},
+	app: {
+		notConnectedTitle: "未连接到应用",
+		notConnectedBody: "此页面运行在普通浏览器中。请启动桌面应用来使用。",
+		managerOpen: "连接管理器已打开。",
+		showConnections: "显示连接",
+	},
+	tabBar: {
+		connections: "连接",
+		manageConnections: "管理连接",
+		newTab: "新建标签页 ({mod}T)",
+		closeTab: "关闭标签页 ({mod}W)",
+		options: "选项",
+	},
+	options: {
+		title: "选项",
+		language: "语言",
+		system: "系统",
+		theme: { label: "主题", system: "系统", light: "浅色", dark: "深色" },
+		tone: { label: "色调", dark: "深色", darker: "更深" },
+		accent: { label: "强调色" },
+		accentNames: {
+			graphite: "石墨",
+			blue: "蓝色",
+			indigo: "靛蓝",
+			purple: "紫色",
+			rose: "玫红",
+			orange: "橙色",
+			green: "绿色",
+			teal: "青色",
+		},
+		fileIcons: { label: "文件图标", plain: "简约", multi: "彩色" },
+		interface: { label: "界面", compact: "紧凑", default: "默认", large: "大" },
+		speedUnit: { label: "速度单位" },
+		transfers: { label: "传输", single: "单个", multi: "多个" },
+		atOnce: "同时",
+		editor: { label: "编辑器", builtin: "内置", custom: "自定义" },
+		systemDefault: "系统默认",
+		resetDefault: "恢复为系统默认",
+		finishedTransfers: { label: "已完成传输", autoClear: "自动清除", keep: "保留" },
+	},
+	kinds: {
+		folder: "文件夹",
+		symlink: "符号链接",
+		file: "文件",
+		image: "图像",
+		audio: "音频",
+		video: "视频",
+		archive: "压缩包",
+		code: "代码",
+		document: "文档",
+	},
+	columns: {
+		name: "名称",
+		size: "大小",
+		mtime: "修改时间",
+		kind: "类型",
+		rights: "权限",
+		owner: "所有者",
+		group: "组",
+	},
+	panel: {
+		choosePanel: "选择此面板显示的内容",
+		copy: "复制",
+		copyToRight: "复制到右侧面板 (F5)",
+		copyToLeft: "复制到左侧面板 (F5)",
+		edit: "编辑",
+		editFile: "编辑文件 (F4)",
+		rename: "重命名 (F2)",
+		newFolder: "新建文件夹 (F7)",
+		newFile: "新建文件",
+		permissions: "权限",
+		delete: "删除",
+		deleteHint: "删除 (F8 / Del)",
+		parentDir: "上级目录 (退格)",
+		refresh: "刷新",
+		clearFilter: "清除筛选 (Esc)",
+		sshConfig: "~/.ssh/config",
+		connectingTo: "正在连接 {name}…",
+		emptyDir: "空目录",
+		noMatches: "无匹配项",
+		matches: { other: "{count} 个匹配 · Esc" },
+	},
+	connMgr: {
+		title: "连接",
+		importWinscp: "从 WinSCP 导入…",
+		importWinscpHint: "从 WinSCP.ini 导出文件导入会话",
+		newConnection: "连接",
+		newConnectionHint: "新建连接",
+		newStack: "分组",
+		newStackHint: "新建分组",
+		expand: "展开",
+		collapse: "折叠",
+		renameStack: "重命名分组",
+		deleteStack: "删除分组",
+		openStack: "在标签页中打开分组",
+		empty: "空",
+		connectionsHeader: "连接",
+		noneTitle: "尚无已保存的连接。",
+		noneBody: "创建一个，或导入你的 WinSCP 会话。",
+		name: "名称",
+		namePlaceholder: "我的服务器",
+		host: "主机",
+		port: "端口",
+		stack: "分组",
+		stackNone: "（无）",
+		username: "用户名",
+		remotePath: "远程路径（可选）",
+		remotePathPlaceholder: "主目录",
+		auth: "认证",
+		authPassword: "密码",
+		authKey: "私钥",
+		password: "密码",
+		privateKeyFile: "私钥文件",
+		passphrase: "密钥口令（可选）",
+		localDir: "本地目录（可选）",
+		localDirPlaceholder: "~/projects/my-server",
+		localDirHint: "当另一个面板处于本地且未浏览过时，将在此打开。",
+		more: "更多…",
+		less: "收起…",
+		selectPrompt: "选择一个连接或新建一个。",
+		newStackTitle: "新建分组",
+		newStackPrompt: "分组名称",
+		renameStackTitle: "重命名分组",
+		deleteStackTitle: "删除分组",
+		deleteStackBody: '删除分组 "{name}"？其中的连接将保留但不再分组。',
+		deleteConnectionTitle: "删除连接",
+		deleteConnectionBody: '删除 "{name}"？',
+	},
+	editor: {
+		noFileTitle: "没有要编辑的文件",
+		noFileBody: "此窗口在没有编辑器上下文的情况下打开。请从应用中打开文件。",
+		wrap: "换行",
+		wrapHint: "长行自动换行 — 隐藏行号 ({alt}Z)",
+		findHint: "查找 ({mod}F)",
+		findPlaceholder: "在文件中查找",
+		prevMatch: "上一个匹配 (⇧↵)",
+		nextMatch: "下一个匹配 (↵)",
+		closeHint: "关闭 (Esc)",
+		disconnected: "已从 {name} 断开 — 保存将失败，但你的文本会保留在此窗口中。",
+		cantOpen: "无法打开 {name}",
+		closeWindow: "关闭窗口",
+		shortcuts: "{mod}S 保存 · {mod}F 查找 · {mod}W 关闭",
+		lines: { other: "{count} 行" },
+		close: "关闭",
+		save: "保存",
+		saveChangesTitle: '保存对 "{name}" 的更改？',
+		saveChangesBody: "如果不保存，你的更改将丢失。",
+		dontSave: "不保存",
+		countLabel: "第 {current} / {total}",
+		noMatches: "无匹配项",
+	},
+	transfer: {
+		summary: "{active} 进行中 · {finished} 已完成",
+		clearFinished: "清除已完成",
+		cancel: "取消",
+		dismiss: "忽略",
+		showDetails: "显示传输详情",
+		copying: "正在复制 {name} · {percent}%{speed}",
+		queued: "{count} 个排队中",
+		failed: { other: "{count} 个传输失败" },
+		finished: "传输已完成",
+		ready: "就绪",
+		items: "{count} 项",
+		selected: "已选 {count} 项",
+		queuedState: "排队中",
+		scanning: "扫描中…",
+		failedState: "失败",
+		cancelled: "已取消",
+		completedFiles: { other: "{count} 个文件 · {size}" },
+		left: "剩余 {eta}",
+	},
+	dialogs: {
+		chmodTitle: "权限",
+		chmodItems: "{count} 项",
+		read: "读",
+		write: "写",
+		execute: "执行",
+		roleOwner: "所有者",
+		roleGroup: "组",
+		roleOthers: "其他",
+		octal: "八进制",
+		mergeFolder: "合并文件夹",
+		replace: "替换",
+		merge: "合并",
+		mergeAll: "全部合并",
+		replaceAll: "全部替换",
+		skip: "跳过",
+		skipAll: "全部跳过",
+		ofTotal: "第 {index} / {total}",
+		overwriteDirBody: "目标位置已存在同名文件夹。合并可能会替换其中的文件。",
+		overwriteFileBody: "目标位置已存在同名文件。",
+		source: "源",
+		destination: "目标",
+		newer: "较新",
+	},
+	toasts: {
+		movedToTrash: '已将 "{name}" 移到废纸篓',
+		editingExternal: "正在编辑 {name} — 保存后会自动上传",
+		nothingToCopy: "没有可复制的内容（符号链接将被跳过）",
+		nothingToCopyAllSkipped: "没有可复制的内容 — 所有冲突项都被跳过",
+		sameFolder: "两个面板显示的是同一个文件夹",
+		sameFile: '已跳过 "{name}" — 它是同一个文件',
+		typeMismatch: '已跳过 "{name}" — 目标处是不同类型的项目',
+		transferFailed: '传输 "{name}" 失败：{error}',
+		unknownError: "未知错误",
+		saved: "已保存 {name}",
+		disconnectedReason: "{title}：已断开（{reason}）",
+		imported: { other: "已导入 {count} 个连接" },
+		importedIntoStacks: { other: "，归入 {count} 个新分组" },
+		importedSkipped: "（跳过 {skipped} 个）",
+		leftoverTitle: "残留的已编辑文件",
+		leftoverMore: "，还有 {count} 个",
+		leftoverBody: {
+			other: "上一次会话遗留了 {count} 个临时编辑文件（{names}）。要清除吗？",
+		},
+		leftoverClear: "清除",
+	},
+	fileActions: {
+		deleteTitle: "删除",
+		deleteBody: "删除 {what}？文件夹将被递归删除。此操作无法撤销。",
+		deleteConfirm: "删除",
+		renameTitle: '重命名 "{name}"',
+		renameConfirm: "重命名",
+		newFolderTitle: "新建文件夹",
+		newFolderPlaceholder: "文件夹名称",
+		newFileTitle: "新建文件",
+		newFilePlaceholder: "文件名称",
+		createConfirm: "创建",
+		itemsCount: "{count} 项",
+	},
+	menu: {
+		about: "关于 {app}",
+		quit: "退出",
+		file: "文件",
+		newTab: "新建标签页",
+		closeTab: "关闭标签页",
+		newFolder: "新建文件夹",
+		newFile: "新建文件",
+		editFile: "编辑文件",
+		connect: "连接",
+		connectionManager: "连接管理器…",
+		edit: "编辑",
+		view: "查看",
+		refresh: "刷新",
+		window: "窗口",
+	},
+	ctx: {
+		size: "大小",
+		modified: "修改时间",
+		kind: "类型",
+		rights: "权限",
+		owner: "所有者",
+		group: "组",
+		revealFinder: "在访达中显示",
+		revealExplorer: "在资源管理器中显示",
+		revealFileManager: "在文件管理器中显示",
+		moveToTrash: "移到废纸篓",
+		moveToRecycleBin: "移到回收站",
+		newFolder: "新建文件夹",
+		newFile: "新建文件",
+		refresh: "刷新",
+		open: "打开",
+		openDefault: "用默认应用打开",
+		edit: "编辑",
+		copyToOther: "复制到另一个面板",
+		rename: "重命名",
+		permissions: "权限",
+		copyPath: "复制路径",
+		delete: "删除",
+		columns: "列",
+		trashTooltip: "从此处移入废纸篓的项目无法使用访达的放回原处功能",
+	},
+	errors: {
+		sshAgentUnavailable: "ssh-agent 不可用（未设置 SSH_AUTH_SOCK）",
+		identityFileNotFound: "找不到身份文件：{path}",
+		sessionNotConnected: '会话 "{id}" 未连接',
+		localCannotDisconnect: "无法断开本地会话",
+		notADirectory: '"{path}" 已存在且不是文件夹',
+		sameFileTransfer: '"{name}"：源和目标是同一个文件',
+		sameFileNoName: "源和目标是同一个文件",
+		folderOntoItself: "无法将文件夹复制到其自身之上",
+		folderIntoItself: "无法将文件夹复制到其自身内部",
+	},
+} as const;

src/shared/types.ts

@@ -62,6 +62,9 @@ export interface ConnectionsFile {
 	connections: SavedConnection[];
 }
 
+/** UI languages the app ships translations for. */
+export type SupportedLocale = "en" | "es" | "eu" | "fr" | "de" | "zh" | "ja";
+
 export type AccentTone =
 	| "graphite"
 	| "blue"
@@ -73,6 +76,8 @@ export type AccentTone =
 	| "teal";
 
 export interface AppSettings {
+	/** UI language; "system" resolves to the OS locale (fallback English). */
+	locale: "system" | SupportedLocale;
 	theme: "system" | "light" | "dark";
 	/** Dark appearance: grey ("dark") or near-black AMOLED ("darker"). */
 	darkTone: "dark" | "darker";
@@ -102,6 +107,7 @@ export interface AppSettings {
 }
 
 export const DEFAULT_SETTINGS: AppSettings = {
+	locale: "system",
 	theme: "system",
 	darkTone: "dark",
 	accent: "blue",